Mitosis and Meiosis
Asexual v. Sexual Reproduction


“process where 1 cell splits into 2”
Replaces somatic (body) cells in multicellular
organisms

Allows for multicelullar growth

Allows for asexual reproduction in plants

Chromosome – rod shaped structure made up
DNA and protein
a. held together by centromere
- holds chromatids together until they
separate during division
b. only found during cell division



Human/animal chromosomes – sex chromosomes
and
autosomes
Humans have 46 chromosomes in somatic cells
Karyotype – used to examine an individual’s
chromosomes
Haploid
Diploid
Reproductive cells (sperm and
egg)
Somatic cells (body-all other
cells)
½ the # of chromosomes (23)
Has ALL chromosomes (46)
half the DNA
Has ALL DNA
N = haploid
2N = diploid

Binary Fision – two identical cells are produced from
one cell
* division in bacteria
Mitosis
Meiosis
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Division of diploid cells (somatic cells)
Division of haploid cells
(reproductive cells)
Results in 2 identical daughter cells
Results in 4 haploid daughter cells
1 division
2 divisions

“series of events leading to cell division”

Asexual Reproduction

Diploid cells split into 2 identical diploid cells

Allows body cells to be replaced and cells to
GROW
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase


“sexual reproduction”
Fusing of 2 haploid gametes to form 1 diploid
zygote

2 divisions
a. Meiosis I
b. Meiosis II

Crossing – over

Fertilization

Independent Assortment