Biologists use a classification system to
group organisms in part because organisms
1. are going extinct.
2. are very numerous
and diverse.
3. are too much alike.
4. share too many
derived characters.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The study of organisms requires
the use of
1. only large, general categories
of organisms.
2. only small, specific
categories of organisms.
3. both large and small
categories of organisms.
4. no categories of organisms.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
Scientists assign each kind of organism a
universally accepted name in the system
known as
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. traditional
classification.
2. the three
domains.
3. binomial
nomenclature.
4. cladistics.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
For many species, there are often
regional differences in their
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
common names.
scientific names.
taxa.
binomial
nomenclature.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In taxonomy, a group at any level
of organization is referred to as a
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
cladogram.
binomial.
taxon.
system.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Scientists have identified and
named
1. all living species.
2. all living and
extinct species.
3. all extinct species.
4. a fraction of all
species.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In the scientific version of a species name,
which of the terms is capitalized?
1. the first term only
2. the second term only
3. both the first and
second terms
4. neither the first nor
the second term
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Based on their names, you know that the
baboons Papio annubis and Papio
cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. class.
2. family.
3. genus.
4. species.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
How do binomial, or two-part, names
compare with early versions of scientific
names?
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. They are longer.
2. They are shorter.
3. They are
completely
descriptive.
4. They are in
English.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
The second part of a scientific
name is unique to each
1. order in its class.
2. family in its order.
3. genus in its
family.
4. species in its
genus.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Often, the second part of a
scientific name is
1. a Latinized description of a
particular trait.
2. the same as for other members
of the same genus.
3. capitalized if it derives from a
proper name.
4. different in different locations.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
Before Linnaeus, scientific names were
problematic because they were
1. too brief to be
descriptive.
2. very long and
difficult to
standardize.
3. written only in
Greek.
4. written only in Latin.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In Linnaeus’s system of classification, how
many taxonomic categories were there?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
one
three
five
seven
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A genus is composed of a
number of related
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
kingdoms.
phyla.
orders.
species.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Several different classes make
up a
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
kingdom.
phylum.
family.
genus.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which two kingdoms did
Linnaeus recognize?
1. bacteria and
animals
2. plants and fungi
3. plants and
animals
4. protists and
animals
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Animals that are warm-blooded, have body
hair, and produce milk for their young are
grouped in the class
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. Amphibia.
2. Mammalia.
3. Aves.
4. Reptilia.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
The most general and largest
category in Linnaeus’s system is
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
the phylum.
the kingdom.
the genus.
the domain.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Traditional classifications tended to
take into account primarily
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
extinct organisms.
RNA similarities.
DNA similarities.
general
similarities in
appearance.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Sometimes, organisms that are not
closely related look similar because of
1. convergent
evolution.
2. molecular clocks.
3. mutations.
4. reclassification.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The procedure of grouping organisms based
on their evolutionary history is called
1. traditional
classification.
2. binomial
nomenclature.
3. derived characters.
4. evolutionary
classification.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In an evolutionary classification scheme,
species within one genus should
1.
be more similar to each
other than they are to
other species.
not be similar in
appearance.
be limited to species
that can interbreed.
have identical genes.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What kind of analysis focuses on the order
in which derived characters appeared in
organisms?
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. cladistic analysis
2. traditional
classification
3. taxonomy
4. anatomy
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
In biology, an evolutionary
innovation is also referred to as a
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
derived character.
taxonomic group.
molecular clock.
physical similarity.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What do scientists consider when
they perform a cladistic analysis?
1. only the DNA of
organisms
2. all traits of
organisms
3. derived characters
4. only physical
similarities
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
An analysis of derived
characters is used to generate a
1.
family tree based on
external appearance.
family tree based on
DNA structure.
cladogram.
traditional classification
system.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What does a cladistic analysis
show about organisms?
1.
the relative importance of each
derived character
the order in which derived characters
evolved
the general fitness of the organisms
analyzed
all traits of each organism analyzed
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
Similar genes are evidence of
1. binomial
nomenclature.
2. mutations.
3. common ancestry.
4. different anatomy.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What do all organisms have in
common?
1.
They use DNA and RNA
to pass on information.
They are all
prokaryotes.
They are all eukaryotes.
They are genetically
identical.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What is true about dissimilar organisms
such as a cow and a yeast?
1.
2.
They are not related at all.
Their degree of relatedness cannot be
evaluated.
Their degree of relatedness can be
determined from their genes.
They can interbreed and thus are the
same species.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
Scientists have found that
humans and yeasts
1.
have similar genes for
the assembly of certain
proteins.
share all aspects of
cellular structure.
have nothing in
common.
cannot be evaluated for
degree of relatedness.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What does the presence of similar genes in
very dissimilar organisms imply?
1.
The genes were produced by different25%
selection pressures.
The organisms share a common
ancestor.
The organisms do not share a
common ancestor.
The genes became identical through
mutation.
2.
3.
4.
1
1
2
3
4
5
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
What is the main idea behind
the model of a molecular clock?
1.
that neutral mutations accumulate at a
steady rate
that certain traits are under the
pressure of natural selection
that segments of DNA can be
compared with segments of RNA
that phenotypes, not genotypes, are
affected by natural selection
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
All organisms in the kingdoms Protista,
Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are
1. multicellular
organisms.
2. photosynthetic
organisms.
3. eukaryotes.
4. prokaryotes.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which kingdom contains heterotrophs
with cell walls of chitin?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What kingdoms composed the threekingdom classification system used by
scientists in the late 1800s?
1. animals, plants,
fungi
2. animals, plants,
bacteria
3. animals, fungi,
protists
4. animals, plants,
protists
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the kingdoms in the six-kingdom
system of classification was once grouped
with plants?
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. Animalia
2. Carnivores
3. Fungi
4. Protista
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Some scientists propose that the kingdom Protista
should be broken up into several kingdoms. Which
of these statements accurately supports this idea?
1. Protists are all very similar and
easy to confuse.
2. Protista contains very diverse
organisms that do not fit into
the other kingdoms.
3. Protists are the most numerous
organisms on Earth.
4. Protista evolved before any
other kingdom.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
The domain that corresponds to
the kingdom Eubacteria is
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
Archaea.
Bacteria.
Eukarya.
Fungi.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The domain that contains unicellular
organisms that live in extreme environments
is
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. Eubacteria.
2. Eukarya.
3. Archaea.
4. Bacteria.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
The two domains composed of
only unicellular organisms are
1. Eubacteria and
Archaea.
2. Eukarya and
Bacteria.
3. Archaea and
Bacteria.
4. Archaea and
Eukarya.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The three-domain system arose when
scientists grouped organisms according to
how long they have been
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. alive in their
present forms.
2. going extinct.
3. evolving
independently.
4. using DNA to
store information.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
The three-domain system recognizes
fundamental differences between two
groups of
25% 25%
25%
25%
prokaryotes.
eukaryotes.
protists.
multicellular
organisms.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a
kingdom called
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. Animalia.
2. Fungi.
3. Monera.
4. Eukarya.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
What is thought to be true about
the three domains of living things?
1. They diverged from a common
ancestor fairly recently.
2. They diverged from a common
ancestor before the evolution of
the main groups of eukaryotes.
3. They did not have a common
ancestor.
4. Domains Bacteria and Archaea
evolved after the main groups of
eukaryotes.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
An organism may have different common names
that vary from area to area and language to
language. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Scientists try to organize living things into
groups that have economic significance.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
In binomial nomenclature, each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
In the name Ursus maritimus, the first term
of the name refers to the species.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Linnaeus’s system of classification uses
seven taxonomic categories.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
An order is a broad taxonomic category
composed of similar phyla.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
American vultures are now classified with storks instead of
with African vultures because of evidence based on body
structure. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Biologists attempt to group organisms into
categories that represent lines of evolutionary
descent. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Cladistic analysis considers characteristics
that have arisen as lineages have evolved
over time. _________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Scientists often look for similar genes in very
dissimilar organisms.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Evidence shows that the same gene that codes for a
particular protein in human muscle also codes for that
protein in yeasts, indicating common ancestry.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
The six kingdoms of life are Eubacteria,
Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and
Animalia. _________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
The older kingdom Monera contains the same
organisms as the two domains Bacteria and
Archaea. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
The kingdom Eubacteria contains the same
organisms as the domain Animalia.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Archaea differ from Bacteria in that the cell
walls of Archaea lack peptidoglycans.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Participant Scores
0
0
Participant 1
Participant 2
0
0
0
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
When scientists use a(an) _________________________
for an organism, they can be certain they are all discussing
the same organism.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The animals Panthera leo (lion) and
____________________ tigris (tiger) belong
to the same genus.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The use of a two-part scientific name for
organisms is called
____________________ nomenclature.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In taxonomy, different classes of organisms might
be grouped into a ____________________, which
is the next (larger) category.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In Linnaeus’s system of classification, the
two smallest categories are genus and
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In taxonomy, the class Mammalia is grouped with the
classes Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, and several classes of
fishes into the phylum ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Traditional classification is based on general
similarities of _________________________
among organisms.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In traditional classification, some similarities that were used
to group organisms were based on
_________________________ instead of a shared
evolutionary history.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In cladistic analysis, a characteristic that arises as
a lineage of organisms evolves over time is called
a(an) _________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
DNA analyses show that the ____________________ of
many dissimilar organisms show important similarities at
the molecular level.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Evidence shows that very dissimilar organisms, such as
yeasts and humans, have some genes in common,
indicating that they share a common
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The six kingdoms of life include bacteria that have cell
walls with peptidoglycan, bacteria that have cell walls
without peptidoglycan, protists, fungi, animals, and
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Unlike the five-kingdom system of classification,
the six-kingdom system breaks
____________________ into two groups.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The domain ____________________
contains plants, fungi, protists, and
animals—which are all eukaryotes.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The domain ____________________ is
composed of the kingdom Eubacteria.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why might a particular kind of organism
have more than one common name?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How do you know that the species Ursus
maritimus and Ursus arctos are closely
related?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How many terms make up the scientific name of a
species? How is that name distinguished in print
from the common name of a species?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why are such different animals as fishes,
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
grouped into a single phylum?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
If you know nothing else about an organism except
its scientific name, can you immediately determine
what genus and family it is in? Explain
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is evolutionary classification? How
does it differ from traditional biological
classification?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How does analysis of DNA help scientists
establish an evolutionary classification
scheme?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 18–1
Which grouping in Figure 18–1, A or B, shows the older,
traditional, method of classifying the three animals shown?
What kind of evidence was used to support that
classification?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Which system of grouping in Figure 18–1, A or B, provides
information about the evolution of the three animals? What
is the name of the diagram used to show that information?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
According to the cladogram in Figure 18–1,
what two characteristics do crabs and
barnacles share that limpets do not?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In Figure 18–1, what does diagram B, which is
based on more recent evidence, show about the
classification of animals shown in diagram A?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What recently developed technology allows
scientists to compare the DNA of different kinds of
organisms to determine classification?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How can scientists compare very dissimilar
organisms such as yeasts and humans?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What characteristic did biologists use to
reclassify some organisms from the plant or
animal kingdom to the kingdom Protista?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What characteristic is used to place an
organism in the domain Eukarya?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Identify the two parts of a scientific name, and
explain what information can sometimes be
inferred from the scientific name of an organism.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How is binomial nomenclature superior to
the descriptive names used by early
scientists?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What effect might the common use of the
microscope by biologists have had on Linnaeus’s
original system of taxonomy? Explain
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How does traditional classification differ
from evolutionary classification?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How does cladistic analysis determine the
order in which a set of related species
evolved?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How are neutral mutations useful for
estimating the relationship between two
species?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Briefly explain the history of how microorganisms have
been classified—beginning with the early systems of
classification and leading to the modern six-kingdom
system.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How has an increasing knowledge about
organisms affected the number of kingdoms
now recognized by biologists? Explain
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Identify a major source of evidence used by
scientists who advocate the adoption of the threedomain system for classifying living things.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why might the three-domain system be a
more valid reflection of evolutionary history
than the six-kingdom system?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5