The Periodic Table
Honors Biology
Mr. Luis A. Velázquez
Dynamic Periodic Table
Element Symbols
•All elements have a symbol.
•The symbol will always be a letter or two.
Example: C, Ca
•The symbol will always begin with a capital
letter.
• If the symbol has a second letter it will always
be lower case.
Atomic Number
A unique number for each
element that equals the
number of protons in an atom
of that element.
Atomic Mass Number
A unique number for each
element that equals the number
of protons and neutrons present
in the nucleus of the atom.
In other words is the sum of the
nucleus of the atom. (P+N=mass)
Practice 83
Bismuth
Bi
209
What is the atomic mass? 209
What is the atomic number? 83
What is the number of protons?83
What is the number of neutrons?
126
Elements
A substance that cannot be
broken down in to simpler
substance.
There 112 elements in the
periodic table.
Elements
112 total elements
92 natural elements
20 artificial or synthetic elements
man-made elements.
Elements
25 needed for life
4 Are essential elements for life
they make 99% of living tissue
C, H , O, N
1 Element essential for life
State of Matter of Elements
1. Solid is a substance that has definite
shape and definite volume.
2. Liquid is a substance that has no definite
shape and has definite volume.
3. Gas is a substance that has no definite
shape and no definite volume.
1. Some elements are found in nature as gases.
2. There are 11 elements as a gas state.
3.Gases can be classify as stable or unstable
gases.
Unstable gases: (5) gases
H, N, O, F, Cl
Stable gases: (6) gases
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Liquids
1. Some elements are found in nature as liquids.
2. There are 2 elements as liquid state.
The two liquids are:
Br, Hg
Summary
There are 112 elements in the periodic table,
the are subdivide into:
1.Gases (11) H,N,O,Cl,F,He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe,Rn
2.Liquids (2) Br, Hg
3.Solids (99) Li, C,Mg,Mn,Co, Au,Ag,Cu,Fe…
Energy
Potential and kinetic energy in elements:
1.Gases : have very high energy (KE) (PE)
2.Liquids : have regular energy
(KE)
(PE)
3.Solids: have very low energy (KE) (PE)
Answer the following
Classify the following elements in Solid Liq or gas
•____He
•____C
•____Mn
•____Al
•____Cl
•____Br
•____H
•____Mg
•____Ca
•____N
•____Hg
•____Si
•____Xe
•____K
Place an arrow
to indicate the
energy.
Understanding the atom
•The atomic number is the number of protons
•The atomic mass number is the number of protons
and neutrons. The sum of the nucleus of the atom.
6
Atomic number = Protons = 6
C
12
Atomic mass = P + N = 12
Understanding the atom
17
Atomic number = Protons = 17
Cl
35
Atomic mass = P + N = 35
P= 17
N= 18
E= 17
Understanding the atom
11
Atomic number = Protons = 11
Na
23
Atomic mass = P + N = 23
P= 11
N= 12
E= 11
Understanding the atom
Atomic number = Protons = 7
7
N
14
P= 7
N= 7
E= 7
Atomic mass = P + N = 14
Understanding the atom
20
Atomic number = Protons = 20
Ca
40
Atomic mass = P + N = 40
P= 20
N= 20
E= 20
Answer the following
Make a table to show the amount of protons, electrons, and neutrons for
each of the following elements .
•____Ni
•____Zn
•____Cu
•____Al
•____Au
•____P
•____H
•____Mg
•____Ba
•____Rb
•____Hg
•____S
•____Xe
•____K
Classifing Elements
•Metals
87
•No Metal
17
•Metalloids 8
At, Po, Te, Sb,
As, Ge, Si, B
No Reaction
Negative
Negative
Negative
Transitional Metals
Non- metals
•Elements in nature that are found in the gas
stage are not metals.
•There are 17 non- metals
•He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn F, Cl Br, I Se, S, P, O,
N, C, H
Physical Properties of Metals
•They show metallic luster.
•They are opaque.
•They have high density.
•They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
•They are solids (except mercury Hg)
•They are malleable and ductile in their solid state.
Chemical Properties of Metals
•They have one to four valence electrons.
•They are good reducing agents.
A reducing agent is an element that can add
electrons to another element.
•They form cations (positive ions)
Example: Li+, Ca+2, Fe+3…
Physical Properties of Non-Metals
•Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
•Brittle - if a solid.
•Nonductile.
•Do not possess metallic luster.
•Transparent as a thin sheet.
•Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.
Chemical Properties of Non-Metals
•Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell.
•Gain or share valence electrons easily.
•Form oxides that are acidic.
•Are good oxidizing agents.
•Have higher electronegativities.
The Valence Number
•Column 1A has a valence number of 1.
•Column 2A has a valence number of 2.
•Column 3A has a valence number of 3.
Transition Metals
Families of Elements
•1A
Alkali Metals
•2A
Alkaline Earth Metals
•3A
Boron Family
•4A
Carbon Family
•5A
Nitrogen Family
•6A
Oxygen Family
•7A
Halogens Family
•8A
Noble Gases
Alkali Metal Family
•Column 1A ( Except Hydrogen)
•Li •Na •Rb •Cs •Fr
•They are the most reactive elements in the periodic
table.
Naming Compounds
•Metals are always positive.
•Metals are always written first.
•Metals are name the same way as the element.
•Non-Metals are always negative.
•Non-Metals are always written second.
•The names of non-metals are always ending in ide .
Naming Compounds
•Example: CaO
•Metals = Calcium (Ca)
•Metals are name the same way as the element.
•Non-Metals = Oxygen (O).
•The names of non-metals are always ending in ide .
•The names of non-metals oxide .
•The names of this compound is:
Calcium Oxide
Naming Compounds
•Example: NaCl
•Metals = Sodium (Na)
•Metals are name the same way as the element.
•Non-Metals = Chlorine (Cl).
•The names of non-metals are always ending in ide .
•The names of non-metals chloride .
•The names of this compound is:
Sodium Chloride
Naming Compounds
•Example: MgF2
•Metals = Magnesium (Mg)
•Metals are name the same way as the element.
•Non-Metals = Fluorine (F).
•The names of non-metals are always ending in ide .
•The names of non-metals Fluoride .
•The names of this compound is:
Magnesium Fluoride
Naming Non-metals
•Fluorine = Fluoride
•Chlorine = Chloride
•Bromine = Bromide
•Iodine = Iodide
•Oxygen = Oxide
•Sulfur = Sulfide
•Phosphorous = Phosphide
Naming Compounds Problems
Write the correct names for the following compounds .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
BaCl2
NaF
Ag2O
CuBr
FeO
MgS
Al2O3
CaI2
BeS
Hg2I2
CrCI3
K2S