The
Cell
What is a Prokaryote?
Prokaryote ?
 Prokaryotes DO NOT have:
 Prokaryotes DO have:
 Nucleus
 Cell Membrane
 Membrane Bound
Organelles
 Cell Wall (not like plant’s cell wall)
Remember:
Bacteria are Prokaryotes
Cilia
 Cytoplasm
 DNA (genetic material)
 Ribosomes
 Flagella / Cilia
Cytoplasm
Flagella
Cell
Membrane
What is a Eukaryote?
Eukaryote ?
Eukaryotes
Plants
Protista
Animals
Fungi
 Eukaryotes DO have:
Nucleus
Membrane Bound Organelles
(Mitochondria, E.R., Golgi, etc.)
What must ALL CELLS
have? (Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
Things
What must ALL CELLS
have?(Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
4 Things:
DNA
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
What 3 things do PLANT CELLS
have that an animal cells
do not have?
What 3 things do PLANT CELLS
have that an animal cells
do not have?
•Cell Wall
•Chloroplasts
•Large Vacuole
Name the 3 parts of the
Modern Cell Theory
3 parts of the
Modern Cell Theory
Cells are the basic units of structure and function
in all living things
All cells contain specialized structures
(organelles) to perform functions necessary for life
All organisms are made of one or more cells and
come from other cells by reproduction
Who invented the
microscope and saw the
first living (alive) cells in
pond water and called
them “wee beasties?”
(Hint: “Wee” sounds like
beginning of his last
name)
Who invented the microscope
and saw the first living cells in
pond water and called them
“wee beasties?”
Leeuwenhoek
“Lee” sounds like “Wee”
Who saw cork and named
the chambers “Cells”?
Hint: His name
rhymes with “cork”
Who saw cork and named
the chambers “Cells”?
Hint: His name rhymes
with “cork”
What did
Schwann say?
What did
Schleiden say?
What did
Schwann say?
Schwann claimed that all
animals are made of cells.
Think: Schwann
sounds like
swan
What did
Schleiden say?
Schleiden claimed that all
plants are made of cells.
Think: Schlidin’
down the vine
Who claimed that all cells
must come from existing
cells by reproduction?
Hint: His name sounds
like “cow”
Cows come from cows
Cells come from cells
Who claimed that all cells must
come from existing cells
by reproduction?
Hint: His name sounds like “cow”
Cows come from cows
Cells come from cells
Who did this red meat (hint)
experiment and believed in
biogenesis?
No Growth
No Growth
Who did this red meat experiment
and believed in biogenesis?
Redi
For Biogenesis
No Growth
No Growth
Who did this experiment and
believed in abiogenesis?
Heated (not boiled) Broth
Hint: He needed more information on how to do a good
experiment!!!
Who did this experiment and
believed in abiogenesis?
Needham – Abiogenesis
(He needed more information on how to do a good experiment)
Heated (not boiled) Broth
Who did this experiment and
believed in biogenesis?
S-shaped
flask
Who did this experiment and
believed in biogenesis?
Pasteur - Biogenesis
S-shaped
flask
Nerve Cells
Blood Cells
Muscle Cells
Nerve Cells
Blood Cells
Muscle Cells
What are the four levels of cell
organization starting from the
smallest to largest?
What are the four levels of cell
organization starting from the
cell?
make up
make up
make up
____ _______ is when cells
perform a specific function
for an organism.
Cell Specialization is when cells
perform a specific function for an
organism.
Examples:
Red blood cells
blood cells
Nerve cells
What is the semi-permeable membrane,
phospholipid bilayer that regulates what
goes in and out of a cell?
What is the semi-permeable membrane,
phospholipid bilayer that regulates what
goes in and out of a cell?
Cell
Membrane
Cell Wall
What 3 things pass through
the cell membrane easily?
What 3 things pass through
the cell membrane or cell
wall easily?
Carbon Dioxide
By Diffusion
Oxygen
By Diffusion
H2O
By Osmosis
What is located in the cell membrane to
selectively allow larger things into and out
of the cell?
?
What is located in the cell membrane to
selectively allow larger things into and out
of the cell?
Protein in Protein Channels
What is the jelly-like liquid
between the cell membrane
and the nucleus?
???????
What is the jelly-like liquid
between the cell membrane
and the nucleus?
Cytoplasm
cyto = cell
plasm = fluid
What is the control center
(brain) of the cell?
What is the control center
(brain) of the cell?
NUCLEUS
What is the organelle that is inside
the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
What is the organelle that is inside
the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What covers the outside of the nucleus
and what are the holes called to allow
ribosomes and RNA out?
What covers the outside of the nucleus
and what are the holes called to allow
ribosomes and RNA out?
Nuclear Membrane
(Nuclear Envelope)
and Nuclear Pores
What is the genetic
material “Blueprints”
that is inside the
nucleus?
What is the genetic
material “Blueprints”
that is inside the
nucleus?
CHROMOSOMES
What organelle is the
powerhouse of the cell and found
in all Eukaryotes (Plants, Animals,
Fungi, Protista)
Hint: Think Mighty
Mouse who has lots of
power!!!!!!
What organelle is the
powerhouse of the cell and found
in all Eukaryotes (Plants, Animals,
Fungi, Protista)
Mitochondria
Hint: Think Mighty
Mouse that has lots of
power
What makes proteins for the cell?
Hint: If you eat
Ribs you are
getting protein
from the meat.
??????
What makes proteins for the cell?
Hint: If you eat Ribs
you are getting
protein from the
meat.
RIBOSOMES
What organelle is used for
photosynthesis in the plant
cell?
What is used for
photosynthesis in the plant
cell?
Chloroplasts
What grouping are
chloroplasts, leukoplasts,
and chromoplasts part of?
What grouping are
chloroplasts, leukoplasts,
and chromoplasts part of?
Plastids
What is the large sac in a plant
cell (holds water) and small sac
in an animal (used for storage)
called?
What is the large sac in a plant
cell (holds water) and small sac
in an animal (used for storage)
called?
What digests food and gets rid of
unwanted waste in a cell?
?????????
What digests food and gets rid of
unwanted waste in a cell?
______________is a folded membrane
and transports materials throughout the
cell.
___E.R.________is a folded membrane and
transports materials throughout the cell.
Transportation of
Proteins
Transportation of
Lipids & Carbs
____________ is used in packaging proteins
and other materials and transport out of
cell?
Hint: Think of packaging and sending a gold necklace to
your friend in another state. Look like stack of pancakes
____________ is used in packaging proteins
and other materials and transport out of
cell?
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
Hint: Think of packaging and sending a gold necklace to your
friend in another state. Look like stack of pancakes
What are the
microtubules
covering the cell,
hair like, used for
movement?
What are the
microtubules that
are whip-like and
used for movement?
What are the
microtubules that are
whip-like and used for
movement?
What are the
microtubules covering
the cell like hair used for
movement?
PROKARYOTES!!!
Cilia
Flagella
The movement of molecules (CO₂ , O₂) from
HIGH → LOW concentration and does NOT
need a cell membrane but can cross one is
called ________?________
The movement of molecules (CO₂ , O₂) from
HIGH → LOW concentration and does NOT
need a cell membrane but can cross one is
called __DIFFUSION__
Movement of water across the cell
membrane from HIGH → LOW is
called ___?_____.
Movement of water across the cell
membrane from HIGH → LOW is
called Osmosis.
What is movement of HIGH → LOW
concentration that needs a cell
membrane, a protein but no energy?
What is movement of HIGH → LOW
concentration that needs a cell
membrane, a protein but no energy?
What is movement of LOW → HIGH
concentration that needs a cell
membrane, a protein and needs energy?
What is movement of LOW → HIGH
concentration that needs a cell
membrane, a protein and needs energy?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
________?__________ is when a large
food particle is moved into the cell using
a cell membrane and energy.
___ Endocytosis _____ is when a large
food particle is moved into the cell using
a cell membrane and energy.
ENDO = ENTER
________?________ is when a large
particle is moved out of the cell
using a cell membrane and energy.
___ Exocytosis _____ is when a large
particle is moved out of the cell
using a cell membrane and energy.
EXO = Exit
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving
BIG particles in or out of the cell) is
also called _____ ___________
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
(moving big particles in or out
of the cell) is also called
__BULK TRANSPORT_.
Bulk Transport
When the solute concentration inside
and outside of the cell is equal. This is
called____?______. Where does water
go? What does the cell do?
10%
10%10
When the solute concentration inside
and outside of the cell is equal. This is
called an isotonic solution. Water goes
in and out; cell stays the same.
10%
H2O
10%
10
When the solute concentration outside
the cell is higher than inside the cell it is
called______. Where does water go?
What does the cell do?
10%
10
20%
When the solute concentration outside
the cell is higher than inside the cell it is
called Hypertonic Solution. Water goes
out of cell; cell shrinks.
H2O
10%
10
20%
When the solute concentration inside the
cell is higher than outside the cell it is called
a ____________. Where does water go?
What does the cell do?
20%
10
10%
When the solute concentration inside the
cell is higher than outside the cell it is called
a Hypotonic solution. Water goes into the
cell. The cell swells.
20%
H2O
10
10%
What happens to the cell in this
situation?
Where does water move in this
situation?
93%
H2O
75% H2O
What happens to the cell in this
situation? Cell Shrinks
Where does water move in this
situation? Water moves out
Hypertonic
Solution
Water goes
out
93% H2O
7% Solute
75% H2O
25% Solute
You need to
understand what
happens when
given water
concentrations
instead of solute
concentrations.
Name the 2 reasons cells cannot be the
size of a basketball and explain.
Blood Cells
Name the 2 reasons cells cannot be the
size of a basketball and explain.
1. Geometry: Volume
increases faster than
surface area which
makes it hard for
membrane to keep up
with needs of the cell
2. Practical aspects:
Nucleus can’t handle
that big of a job.
Now…
Let’s
Review
Your
Cells
Test
Answers