Ions
Research Biology
Mr. Luis A. Velazquez
•Ions are form when an atom lose or gain electrons
•Ions are classify in two categories.
Positive and Negative
+
-
•Positive ions are known as cations.
•Negative ions are known as anions.
•If you know the valence number you know how big
is the charge Example: Valence 1= +1 2= +2
•Positive ions loose electrons
•The amount of electrons they loose becomes the
positive charge of the ion.
•Negative ions gain electrons
•The amount of electrons they gain becomes the
Negative charge of the ion.
•Positive ions are columns 1A, 2A, and 3A
•Negative ions are column 5A, 6A, 7A
•Transitional metals may have more than one
positive ions.
Example: Iron (Fe) +2 or +3
Copper (Cu) +1 or +2
They may have more than one charge
Positive
Negative
No Reaction
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
Transitional Metals
Understanding the ions
11
Na
23
P= 11
N= 12
E= 11
Element
11
Na
23
P= 11
N= 12
E= 10
ion
+1
Na
Positive ion
(cation)
Understanding the ions
9
9
F
F
19
P= 9
N= 10
E= 9
Element
19
P= 9
N= 10
E= 10
ion
F
-1
Negative ion
(anion)
Understanding the ions
11
9
Na
23
P= 11
N= 12
E= 11
F
19
P= 9
N= 10
E= 9
Elements
10
Ne
20
Noble Gas
P= 10
N= 10
E= 10
Understanding the ions
19
+
K
39
P= 19
N= 20
E= 19
17
Cl
35
P= 17
N= 18
E= 17
Elements
_
18
Ar
40
Noble Gas
P= 18
N= 22
E= 18
•Lithium (Li) will try to be stable as______
Helium noble gas.
•Lithium (Li) will be positive or negative.
•Lithium (Li) will be called anion or cation.
•Bromine (Br) will try to be stable as Krypton
______ noble gas.
•Bromine (Br) will positive or negative.
•Bromine (Br) will be called anion or cation.
Element
Mg
N
I
Rb
Ba
S
Al
Ca
B
Cs
Be
O
P
Lost or
Gain of
Electrons
Cation
or
Anion
Lost
Cation
Positive
or
negative
Ion
positive
Stable
noble gas
compare
to
Ne
Correct
ion
symbol
Mg+2
Isotopes
Research Biology
Mr. Luis A. Velazquez
•Isotope have a different number of neutrons.
•Isotope is the lost or gain of neutrons.
•Isotopes differ in the atomic mass.
•Isotopes are radioactive.
•Many atoms have one or more isotopes.
1
Hydrogen H
1
Proton
1
-
+
Electron 1
Neutron 0
Protium
1
Hydrogen H
2
Proton
1
-
+
Electron 1
Neutron 1
Deuterium
1
Hydrogen H
3
Proton
1
-
+
Electron 1
Neutron 2
Tritium
6
Carbon
C
12
11
Proton
6
Electron 6
5
Neutron 6
-
- +++
+
- + + Carbon
6
Carbon
C
12
13
Proton
6
Electron 6
Neutron 7
6
-
- +++
+
- + + Carbon
Present three isotope for each atoms
Li
Rb
Ag
Br
Be
K
S
Present three isotope for each atoms
20
20
20
Ca
Ca
Ca
41
45
39
20
20
20
20
P_______________________________
20
20
20
20
E_______________________________
19
20
21
25
N_______________________________
Atom
Isotopes
20
Ca
40