Decline of the Ottoman Empire:The Sick Man of Europe
Chapter 26
Ottoman Empire in early 1700s
Military Defeats of the 1700s
1683: defeat after the ______________________ shows Ottoman weakness
Christian forces carve away at Ottoman lands
Treaties of ______________ (1699) and __________________ (1718) strip Ottoman of
______________________ and ___________________________
Lose land in 1710s to ________________________ 
Lose Crimea (Balkan Peninsula) to _____________________________ in late 1700s
Signs of Internal Decay
Poor rulers and weak corrupt government
Sultans want to modernize face ___________________ from influential old groups and clerics
______________________ army becomes outdated and refuse to change
Sultan ___________________ assassinated by _____________________ in 1807 after attempting to
modernize army and navy
General lack of interest in _____________________________
Minority groups such as _____________________ and ____________________ carry out trade with
the west
Competition with West  decline of _______________________________
Attempts at Reform
Sultans ____________________ and ____________________ government bureaucracy
Boost western ideas, science and technology
Sometimes meet ___________________ from the clergy
Mahmud II (1808-1839)
Built a _______________________________________
Tricks ________________________ into revolting
Crushes rebellion and _______________________ Janissary corps
Gets control over ______________________
Begins policy of ____________________
Mehmed III
1820s: assists Mahumd II
Creates __________________ army
___________________ Janissaries
Builds modern ________________
Tanzimat Reforms 1839-1876
1839-_______________
Westernization of education
 Introduces western _______________________ systems
Western style ____________________ and _____________________________
Some increased rights for _______________________, some women enter public life
Revolts and Rebellions
Further weaken and ___________________ at the Ottoman Empire
__________________________________: Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire
1867 ____________________ gain independence
Dynasty begins to feel increasingly threatened by ___________________, professionals and military
officers
Abdul Hamid (1878-1908) last sultan
Attempts return to ___________________, nullifies _______________ and decreases civil rights
Continues to adopt western tech and military
Forced out with _______________________
The Eastern Question
__________________________________________________________________________________?
No longer a threat
Held together ______________________ parts of Asia and Europe
Held important place geographically between ______________________________ and Indian Ocean
Worry that collapse will destroy Europe’s delicate _________________________________________
Western nations especially nervous about increasing ____________________ and ______________
power
Britain and France support Turks against Russia and Austria even as they take over parts of the empire
The Crimean War
1854-1856
_______________________ and ______________________ support Ottmans in war against Russian
expansion into Black sea
Costly war with over __________________________ casualties
Defeat Russia’s forces but shows _______________________ of Ottoman Empire
As is that weren’t bad enough…
Construction of ____________________ in 1869 increases geographic importance of Egypt
Unification of __________________ in 1860s adds another power into the Mediterranean
Montenegro, Romania, and Bulgaria struggle for greater _____________________________
Balkan Crisis of 1876-1878
Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria, and Serbia rise up
Turks suppress rebellion ________________________
Russia attacks in 1877, and defeats in 1878
______________________________ of 1878 presided over by Bismarck gives Montenegro, Romania,
Bulgaria, and Serbia ______________________________
The Rise of the Young Turks
Ottoman Society for Union and Progress a.k.a. _____________________ formed in Paris 1889
Goal: restore the _________________________________________
Successful in 1908
Problems 1908-1914
Division between military leaders  fighting
Young Turks struggle to keep empire together
Increasing Arab __________________________  more loss of land
Balkan Wars & World War I
1911-1912 ___________________ attacks Ottoman and takes control of remaining land in North Africa
First Balkan War of 1912: Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria _______________________ Ottoman forces
During WWI join the ___________________ and are ___________________ in 1918
Empire __________________, remaining middle eastern possessions rebel and are taken over by
_______________________ and _____________________________________
Modern State of Turkey formed in 1920s
Change Over Time
Discuss in detail the internal and external forces that led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire between
1689 and 1918 (Due tomorrow!)
Be sure to include (see rubric!)
A strong thesis statement
Historical evidence of change
Analysis of both internal and external causes of decline