Goal 6

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Under Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, the role of the United States expanded in the world.

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China vs. Japan- In 1894, Japan beat China in a war over Korea, shocking the world

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World Reaction- Britain,
France, Germany, and
Russia were concerned over Japan’s growing power
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Spheres of Influence-
China was divided into
“spheres of influence”, where each country had an area under economic and military control

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How many countries had a sphere of influence in China?
Who is NOT a sphere of influence?
Where is China’s border?
Why do you think
Russia wanted the northern part of
China?
What can the spheres of influence be compared to?
(Think: European country)

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Problem for America-
America did not have a sphere of influence
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What America did-
Secretary of State John
Hay said China should be able to trade outside the spheres of influence (i.e. should be able to trade with the United States)

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Open Door Policy-
China and the United
States were able to trade freely
Who is splitting up
China in the picture?
Who “wants in” on the action?
Who dislikes this whole idea?

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Problem for China- many Chinese did not like the “corrupt” influence of foreign countries (nativism?)

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How some Chinese reacted- formed the
“Boxers” (real name was
“Society of the
Harmonious Fists), who fought “corruption” by attacking foreign embassies.
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They murdered 200, and took many hostages

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Events of the Boxer
Rebellion: Eight countries (United
States included) sent in 50,000 troops to stop the rebellion
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Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion
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What does America have to fight with, according to the cartoon?

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In 1901, President
_______________ was
_________________ by an
______________ in
Buffalo, New York. His
_____,
__________________, who was a _________ from the
__________________, took over.
McKinley

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Roosevelt favored
______________ the
United States’
______________ in the world. He also supported the ideas of
__________________.
He was also in favor of the
__________________.

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The President: Theodore Roosevelt
His Diplomacy: Big Stick Diplomacy
What it meant:
The United States would have a strong, global military presence
Countries would be too intimidated to challenge the United States
Roosevelt said, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

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What is Roosevelt standing over?
What does the stick say?
What will America do with the stick, if it has to?

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Example #1: Great White Fleet
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In 1907, Roosevelt had 16 new warships constructed
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This fleet (painted white) was sent on a voyage around the world

•
The purpose was to show off American strength and intimidate potential enemies
(there was no fighting)

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At what countries’ ports did the Great White Fleet stop to “show off”?

Example #2: The Panama
Canal
The United States sent 10 warships to help Panama gain independence from Columbia

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Roosevelt then ordered the construction of the
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal increased economic and military mobility for the United States
(it cut about 8,000 miles off a trip from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific)

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How many miles are saved by the Panama Canal?
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How might this help trade in other parts of the world?

• Example #3: The
Roosevelt Corollary
• Monroe Doctrine- said that North and Latin
America would NOT be interfered with by Europe
• Roosevelt Corollary- said that the United States could use FORCE to maintain order and economic stability in Latin
America
• Roosevelt Corollary

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The President: William
Taft
His Diplomacy: Dollar
Diplomacy
What it meant:
Focused diplomacy on
Latin America and Asia
Use economics (trade and/or aid) instead of the military to foster good foreign relations
Taft called it “trading dollars for bullets”

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The President:
Woodrow Wilson
His Diplomacy: Moral
Diplomacy
What it meant:
Opposed to imperialism
Wanted to use military to help set up
DEMOCRATIC governments in other countries (create countries that would be friendly to us)

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American Action: United
States attempted to set up a democratic government in
Mexico
Mexican Response: led by
PANCHO VILLA, many
Mexicans rebelled
What the rebels did: attacked the city of Columbus, killing
16 Americans
The Outcome: Wilson had to pull out his troops when World
War I began
Diplomacy Summary

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Moral Diplomacy
Big Stick Diplomacy
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Set up democratic governments
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Use military intimidation to be powerful
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William Taft
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Dollar Diplomacy
Woodrow Wilson
Use economics to help foreign relations
Theodore Roosevelt
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 Big Stick Diplomacy Today:
 Dollar Diplomacy Today:
 Moral Diplomacy Today: