AP World- Questions for Chapter 35
1) Q) In what ways did China and Vietnam differ from other third world nations? A) The traditional patterns of civilization in China and
Vietnam collapsed, whereas colonized peoples managed to retain much of their pre-colonial cultures
2) Q) In China and Vietnam, a combination of external aggression and internal upheavals discredited and destroyed ________________ A)
Ancient Confucian system
3) Q) The last Manchu emperor abdicated when? A) 1912
4) The best positioned contenders for power following the fall of the Qing were the _______ A) warlords and military commanders
5) Q) What foreign power played a major role in Chinese domestic history from the mid-1890s to 1945?
A) Japan
6) Q) The leader of the revolutionary alliance, a loose coalition of anti-Qing groups that spearheaded the 1911 revolt was
___________________ A) Sun Yat-sen
7) Q)What happened to the parliamentary government established in China by the revolutionary alliance in 1912? A) Sun Yat-sen
resigned the presidency in favor of the northern warlord, Yuan Shikai
8) Q) Japan gained influence in China by seizing the concessionary areas of what European power during WW I? A) Germany
9) Q) The initial goal of the May Fourth movement was____________________- A) the creation of a liberal democracy along Western
lines
10) Q) Most of the members of the May Fourth movement were?
A) intellectuals and students
11) Q) What made Chinese thinkers aware of a possible Marxist solution to China’s ills? A) Russian revolution of 1917
12) Q) The man who headed the study circle at the University of Beijing and who first gave serious attention to Marxist philosophy
was____________________ A) Li Dazhao
13) Q) How did early Chinese Marxist philosophy differ from that of Lenin’s? A)) The study circle at the University of Beijing saw the
peasants as the vanguard of the revolution
14) Q) Early Marxist philosophers in China characterized all of China’s society as_____________ A) proletarian
15) Q) What organizations and publications were associated with the early Marxist movement in China?
A)) New Youth, Communist Youth Corp, Socialist Youth Corp
16) Q) The founder of the communist youth corp in Paris in 1920 was___________ A))) Zhou Enlai
17) Q) In 1919, Sun Yat-sen returned to China and attempted to unify the various political organizations struggling for political influence
in China by reorganizing the revolutionary movement under what name?
A)) the Nationalist Party of China
18) Q) What groups were allied with the Nationalist Party by 1924? A)) urban businessmen and merchants in the southern coastal cities,
the communists, local warlords and the criminal underworld
19) Q) The Chinese nationalist party received much of its early support from _______________ A) Soviet Union
20) Q) What was Chiang Kai-shek’s initial role within the Chinese Nationalist Party? A)) head of Whampoa Military academy
21) Q) The Nationalist Party’s greatest failure was its inability to __________________-- A)) create a military wing of the party
22) Q) What early Chinese Communist leader emphasized the role of the peasantry in the revolution? A)) Mao Zedong
23) Q) Early Chinese Communist thinkers like Li Lisan emphasized ______________ A) revolution based on the urban working class
24) Q) Following Sun Yat-sen’s death in 1925, what group seized the nationalist party? A)) warlords and military chiefs
25) Q) Who emerged as the leader of the Nationalist Party in the late 1920s? A)) Chiang Kai-shek.
26) Q) Open warfare began between the communists and Nationalists following _______________
A)) the nationalist slaughter of their former allies in Shanghai
27) Q) What groups initially supported the Nationalists in their contest with the Communists for control of China? A)) urban businessmen
and merchants, intellectuals and students, rural landlords
28) Q) What impact did the nationalists smashing of the worker’s movement have on the development of the Communist party in China?
A)) It allowed Mao’s program of revolutionary activity among peasants to come to the forefront
29) Q) The center of communist operations in the late 1920s was_____________ A))) Hunan province
30) Q) The Long March refers to _______________ A)))the march of 90,000 communists from Hunan to Shaanxi province
31) Q) The center of the Communist Party in China from 1934 to the mid-1940s was____________ A)) Shaanxi province
32) Q) What interrupted Chiang Kai-shek’s destruction of the Chinese Communist Party in the late 1930s? A)) Japanese invasion of
Chinese mainland
33) Q) What was the impact of the Japanese invasion on the relative strengths of the struggle between Nationalists and Communists? A))
Japanese victories robbed the Nationalists of their supporters in the southern cities and diminished Chaing’s military reputation as the
savior of China.
34) Q) The Communist victory over the nationalist forces was achieved following Chaing’s withdrawal to Taiwan in ___________
A))1949
35) Q) In what way was the Chinese Communist takeover of China different than the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia? A))) The
Chinese Communists claimed a unified country and did not experience years of civil war and foreign intervention
36) Q) The Chinese army remained clearly __________________ to the Communist Party. A)) subordinate
37) Q) Characterize Chinese foreign policy during the 1950s and 60s. A)) 1. Intervened militarily between North and South Korea 2.
practiced close collaboration with the Soviet Union, 3. became first non-industrialized power to explode a nuclear weapon
38) Q) Characterize Chinese domestic policy during the 1950s and 60s. A)) Introduced first 5 year plan in 1953, leadership started to turn
away from the peasantry
39) Q) Mao’s 1958 program of pushing industrialization through small-scale projects integrated into the peasant communes was
called_____________________ A))) the Great Leap forward
40) Q) Unlike most third world countries, China responded to its population problem in the middle 1960s by__________________- A))
limiting urban couples to two children and rural couples to one
41) Q) By 1960, Mao lost his position as State Chairman because___________ A)) of the general and catastrophic failure of the Great
Leap Forward.
42) Q) Which “pragmatists” came to power following Mao’s fall in 1960? A)) Zhou Enlai
43) Q) What were the Chinese Communist parties attitude toward women? A) legal equality, career opportunities, “women hold up half
of the heavens”
44) Q) Mao’s last campaign, launched in 1965, was the ______________ A)) Cultural Revolution
45) Q) The Gang of Four were ________________________ A)) Jiang Qing and three allies who contested the power of the pragmatists
on behalf of the aging Mao
46) Q) Typically during the 1980s, the Chinese government exemplified _______________ A))encouragement of private market
production, private enterprise in the industrial sector, domination by the pragmatists
47) Q) WHat precondition for revolution in Vietnam not similar to that in China? A)) Vietnam was officially colonized by a European
power
48) Q) From the 17th century, Vietnam had been part of the colonial system of _________ A)) France
49) Q) The Vietnamese rebellion that toppled both the Trinh and Nguyen dynasties of the 18 th century was the __________________ A)))
Tayson
50) The French interveined in the 18th century Vietnamese rebellion and supported _________________ A)) Nguyen Anh
51) Q) The outcome of the 18th century Vietnamese rebellion was _____________________ A)) the unification of the country under a
single emperor at Hue
52) Q) By what decade did the French manage to achieve control over all of Vietnam? A)) 1890s
53) In what way was the early nationalist organization in Vietnam similar to other third world nations? A)) Composed of western
educated middle class
54) Q) By the late 1920s, the leader of the Vitnamese Communist Party was ____________ A)) Nguyen Ai Quoc
55) Q) The Communists-dominated nationalist movement in Vietnam during World War II was called the _____________ A)) Viet Minh
56) Q) The Vietnamese nationalists in 1954 decidedly defeated the French at ______ A)) Dien Bien Phu
57) Q) To oppose communism in Vietnam, the U.S. propped up _______________ in the south. A)) Ngo Dinh Diem
58) Q) Communist opposition to the U.S. supported Diem regime in the south was known as ___________ A))) Viet Cong
59) Q) The Americans withdrew from Vietnam in 1975 which precipitated _________________ A)) the fall of an unpopular military
regime there.
60) Q) What modern values in China and Vietnam represent a departure from traditional Chinese culture? A))) total abandonment of
Confucianism from politics and government.