The Roaring 1920’s
Chapters 20 and 21
Why were immigrants facing
discrimination in the 1920’s?
• Nativism- prejudice
against foreign born after
largest immigration period
(1880-1920), job
competition.
• Isolationism- did not
want to get involved in
world affairs after World
War I experience.
What was the Red Scare?
• 1919- America was
afraid of a Communist
Revolution because of
the Russian Revolution.
• In America, socialist
formed the IWW to unite
workers.
• Palmer Raids- hunted
down suspected
communists, anarchists,
and socialists. Violation
of civil rights
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
• Arrested for robbery and
murder in 1920.
• Italian anarchists
• Circumstantial evidence
and prejudicial remarks
led to their conviction and
execution.
• Anti-immigrant decision.
• Example of prejudice
Why did the Ku Klux Klan rise in
the 1920’s?
• 100 percent
Americanism
• For white native born
Protestants only (antiimmigrant)
• 1924- 4.5 million
registered members of
the Ku Klux Klan.
• 1925- parade of 60,000 in
D.C.
• Resisted the change of
modern life in the 1920’s.
How was immigration restricted
in the 1920’s?
• Emergency Quota Act of
1921- Established a
maximum anount of
people to be allowed into
America. Cut European
immigration.
• 1924- limited immigrants
from Southern and Eastern
Europe, and Asian
immigration.
What were examples of labor
unrest in the 1920’s?
• Boston Police Strike- put
down by Governor
Coolidge for the good of
public safety.
• Steel Mill Strike- Strike
ended with little help for
workers.
• Coal miner’s strike- John
L .Lewis got a 27%
increase for coal miners.
• Union membership
declines because of
limited gains.
What do I need to know about
Warren G. Harding?
• President from 1921-23.
• Washington Naval
Conference- limited arms
• Fordney-McCumber
Tariff- raised U.S. import
taxes 60%. Helped
American businesses.
• Teapot Dome ScandalAlbert Fall and Harding’s
cabinet the Ohio Gang
created scandal.
Tarnished Harding’s
legacy.
• Died from heart attack.
Who was Calvin Coolidge?
• “The business of
America is business.”
• President of the
United States (19231929)
• Business boomed in
the Roaring 20’s.
• Prosperity
What new technology led to the
boom of the 1920’s?
• Henry Ford and the
automobile
• Urban sprawl- cities
spread in all
directions.
• Airplanes
• Electrical appliances
What was the role of consumer
goods in the 1920’s?
• Advertisingbillboards and
newspaper ads
• Installment planbuying goods on credit
with payment plans
• False sense of
prosperity
What was urban life like in the
1920’s?
• By 1920, more Americans
lived in cities than rural
communities.
• Immigrant communities
and cultural opportunities
in cities.
• Cities seen as dangerous
and lacking religion and
traditional values.
What was Prohibition?
• Banning of alcohol in
America with the 18th
Amendment (1919-1933)
• Speakeasies- illegal bars
during Prohibition.
• Bootleggers- illegally sold
alcohol (Al Capone- lead
gangster of the time.
• Increase in organized
crime in 1920’s.
What were rural communities
like in the 1920’s?
• Traditional and
religious
• Did not want new
opportunities in the
cities.
• Saw cities as a bad
influence on their
traditional values.
What was fundamentalism?
• Protestant movement
that takes the Bible
literally.
• Skeptical of some
scientific discoveries
like evolution.
What was the importance of the
Scopes Trial?
• John T. Scopes was
charged with teaching his
students the theory of
evolution in Dayton, Tenn.
• Clarence Darrow was the
defense attorney
• William Jennings Bryantook the fundamentalist
point of view.
• Were you with religion or
science?
• Scopes was found guilty.
What was a flapper?
• Emancipated woman
of the 1920’s who
embraced new
fashions and attitudes.
• Smoking
• Drinking
• Independent
What was a double standard?
• Granting greater
freedom to men than
women.
• Do double standards
still exist today?
What were the new opportunities
for women?
•
•
•
•
•
•
College
Teachers
Nurses
Librarians
Stenographers
More time at home
because of inventions
that made housework
easier.
What new forms of entertainment
were available?
• Radio
• Gertrude Ederle- swam
English Channel
• Andrew Rube FosterNegro Baseball
• Babe Ruth- Baseball
• Helen Wills- Tennis
• Charles Lindbergh- flew
solo across Atlantic
Ocean
Gertrude Ederle
Andrew Rube Foster
Babe Ruth
Helen Wills
Charles Lindbergh
Who were the great entertainers,
artists, and writers of the 1920’s?
• Movies with sound
• Walt Disney
• Eugene O’Neillplaywright
• George Gershwinmusician (Jazz)
• Georgia O’Keefe- art
• Sinclair Lewis, F. Scott
Fitzgerald, Edna St.
Vincent Millay, and
Ernest Hemingwaywriters of Lost
Generation
George Gershwin
Georgia O’Keefe
Ernest Hemingway
What was the Harlem
Renaissance?
• Term used to describe
the African American
intellectual
movements in art,
music, and literature.
• Upper Manhattan is
center of the
movement.
Who was Zora Neale Hurston?
• Famous Writer of the
1920’s.
• Proud of African
American heritage
Who was James Weldon
Johnson?
• Poet, lawyer, and
NAACP executive
secretary.
• Wanted anti-lynching
laws
• Represented new
militant voice of
African Americans
Who was Marcus Garvey?
• Founded Universal
Negro Improvement
Association.
• Radical message
• Black nationalism
• Back to Africa
movement
Who was Claude McKay?
• Novelist, poet and
Jamaican immigrant
urged African
American to resist
prejudice and
discrimination.
Who was Langston Hughes?
• Greatest poet of the
Harlem Renaissance
• Used jazz in his
poetry.
• Famous Poem (I Too
Sing America)
Who was Paul Robeson?
• Famous African
American actor
• Supported the
Communist Party and
left America to live in
England.
Who were the leaders of the new
art form of jazz?
• Louis Armstrongtrumpet player and
singer
• Duke Ellingtongreat and leader and
pianist
• Bessie Smith- famous
blues singer