Chapter 6
Launching a New Nation:
Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and
Madison
What was the Judiciary Act of
1789?
• Established a national
court system.
• Allowed state courts
to appeal to federal
courts.
• Set up both federal
appellate and district
courts.
What were the precedents
(examples) Washington set for
future presidents?
• Created a cabinet
(group of presidential
advisors)
• Served only two terms
which will eventually
become a
constitutional
amendment
• Neutrality in foreign
affairs
Who was in Washington’s first
presidential cabinet?
• Vice President- John
Adams
• Thomas JeffersonSecretary of State
• Alexander HamiltonSecretary of Treasury
• Henry Knox- Secretary of
War (now Secretary of
Defense)
• Ben Franklin – Post
Master General
What were Hamilton and the
Federalists beliefs of
government?
• Strong central government
• Backed by North
• Wanted to help trade and
industry
• Wanted Bank of the
United States
• Supported by wealthy and
merchants
What were Jefferson and the
Democratic Republican beliefs?
• Weak central
government (states’
rights)
• Supported by farmers
• Backed by the South
• Against the Bank of
the United States
How was the Bank of the United
States started?
• Funded by federal
government and wealthy
investors
• Issue paper money and
handle tax receipts and
government funds
• Won support of the South
by agreeing to build new
capitol in South for
passage of the Bank.
• Hamilton creates our
financial system.
What were the nations first
political parties?
• Federalists- led by
Alexander Hamilton.
Wanted a strong central
government
• Democratic-Republicansbelieved in states’rights
led by Jefferson
• Two party system- two
main political parties
compete for power.
What is a protective tariff?
• Placed taxes on goods
imported from Europe.
• Brought in revenue to
federal government.
Why was the Whiskey Rebellion
important?
• Small farmers did not
want to pay an excise or
sales tax on Whiskey.
• The whiskey farmers
attacked the tax collectors.
• Washington brought in
federal troops to enforce
the law.
• Washington showed that
the federal government
and the Constitution were
here to stay.
What were America’s earliest
foreign policy problems?
• French Revolution
• Should the U.S. side with
Britain or France in
European conflicts?
• Washington believed in
neutrality in foreign
affairs.
• Edmond Genet- sent to get
support for France.
Washington stays neutral.
What was Pinckney’s Treaty
(1795)?
• Treaty over the lands
west of the
Appalachian
Mountains.
• Spain gave up lands
east of the Mississippi
River.
• Gave U.S. right of
deposit or trade in
New Orleans.
How did U.S. expansion affect
American Indians?
• Americans began to settle
in the Northwest Territory
(Ohio, Indiana,
Wisconsin, Illinois, and
Michigan)
• Battle with Little Turtle at
the Battle of Fallen
Timbers (1794)
• American Indians
continued to be pushed
westward.
What was Jay’s Treaty?
• Treaty with Britain.
• British agreed to give
up their forts in the
Northwest Territory.
• However, the British
navy continued to
harass American
ships.
What do you need to know about
John Adams’ presidency?
• 2nd President (1797-1801)
• Avoided war with France
• Created the American
navy
• XYZ Affair- French
officials attempt to bribe
American officials.
• Alien and Sedition ActsMade it harder for
immigrants to become
American citizens. People
were punished for
criticizing the
government.
What is sectionalism?
• Placing the interests of
one region over the
nation as a whole.
• Each section of the
country wanted their
own interests
represented.
What is nullification?
• States could refuse to obey
federal laws they thought
were unconstitutional.
• Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions- Madison and
Jefferson voice the policy
of nullification in response
to the Alien and Sedition
Act
What was the importance of the
Election of 1800?
• Thomas Jefferson, Aaron
Burr, and John Adams ran
for President.
• Jefferson defeated Adams
by 8 electoral votes.
• The House of
Representatives had to
decide the winner.
• Jefferson won the election.
• First peaceful transition
from one political party to
another.
What was the importance of
Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
• Court decision with John
Marshall as chief justice.
• Established judicial
review. (The court could
declare a law
unconstitutional is this
case the Judiciary Act of
1801.
• Sets up the power of the
judicial branch used today.
What was important about
Thomas Jefferson’s presidency?
• 3rd President (1801-1809)
• Bought the Louisiana Purchase
that doubled the size of the U.S.
for 15 million dollars from
France.
• Financed the Lewis and Clark
expedition with Sacajawea.
• Trouble with impressment
from the British
• Embargo Act (1807)- stopped
trade, hurt American businesses
Who was William Henry
Harrison?
• Governor of Indiana
Territory
• Fought against
Tecumseh for
American Indian
lands.
• The British supplied
American Indians with
arms which angered
Americans.
Who were the war hawks?
• John C. Calhoun and
Henry Clay wanted
war with Britain.
• Adams and Jefferson
were able to avoid
war, but Madison gave
into the pressure.
What were the accomplishments
of James Madison’s presidency
(1809-1817)?
• 4th President of the U.S.
• War of 1812 with Great
Britain
• American System- Bank
of the United States, Tariff
of 1816 and internal
improvements like the
Erie Canal and National
Road.
What do you need to know about
the War of 1812?
• James Madison was president.
• 2nd war of independence
• British burned Washington
D.C.
• Treaty of Ghent- ended the
war.
• Star-Spangled Banner written
by Francis Scott Key at Ft.
McHenry
• Battle of New Orleans- after
Treaty of Ghent led by General
Andrew Jackson