Warm Up
• Watch the clips from Mona Lisa
Smile, as you watch think about:
–What has changed today?
–What has stayed the same?
Objectives
• Content: Predict why women would
not be paid the same amount as
men.
• Learning: List two focus areas for
Women’s Rights organizations after
1920.
The Women's Movement
Changing Role of Women
• Since the 1970’s, an increase of women in
the workforce, politics, and media has
changed the role of women in society.
–Increases in:
»Education level
»Income
»Leadership positions
»Elected government positions
Common Workplace Disadvantages
• Discrimination
against women in
hiring practices
• Lower wages for
women than for
men doing the
same job
Women’s Movement Legislation
• Title IX (Title Nine)
– Passed in 1972
– Schools and colleges must give women
equal academic and athletic
opportunities if the school receives
federal financial assistance.
– Results in increased opportunities for
women
ERA (Equal Rights Amendment)
• Men and women shall have equal rights under
the law.
• The amendment failed to pass, but brought
attention to equal employment opportunities for
women.
– Why did many women not want this amendment to
pass?
• Discussion about the amendment has also helped
women to gain better pay, better working
conditions and advancement opportunities.
http://youtu.be/NXPLirJRGDQ
National Organization for Women
(NOW)
• Largest women’s rights
organization in the
country
• Began in 1966 to fight for
passage of the ERA
• Today focuses heavily on
fighting against all forms
of oppression worldwide
– Economic
– Personal
Objectives
• Content: Hypothesize how to change
unfair situations.
• Learning: Explain the problems and
solutions to Jim Crow effects.
Civil Rights Movement
and Its Origins
After World War II
• President Truman signed Executive Order
9981 in 1948
– It abolished racial discrimination in the
military
– It eventually desegregated the military
– Encouraged African Americans’ aspirations
(hopes) for equal opportunities
Civil Rights Movement (1954 – 1968)
• Fought for equal opportunities in jobs,
housing, and education for African
Americans.
• Also, the Civil Rights Movement fought
against segregation
• National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP)
• Expands and becomes leading
organization fighting for African
American civil rights.
3 Major Effects of Jim Crow
1. Separate educational facilities and
resources for White and African
American students
2. Separate public facilities
3. Social isolation of races
1. “Separate But Equal”
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
– Supreme Court case upholds that “separate but
equal” is OK
– No one has to prove equality
– Justification for Jim Crow laws
Solution: Separate and UNequal
• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
– Overturns Plessy court case
– “Separate educational
facilities are inherently
unequal."
– Paves the way for school integration and the Civil
Rights Movement
– Only desegregates schools. Other court cases
follow that desegregate other public places (ex:
1956 buses).
2. Separate Public Facilities
•
•
•
•
Buses
Restaurants
Restrooms
Water Fountains
Rosa Parks
•
•
December 1, 1955
Refused to give up her seat on a bus to a
white man and was arrested
Solution: Desegregation of Public Facilities
• Park’s arrest led to the
Montgomery Bus Boycott
where African Americans in
Montgomery, Alabama
boycotted the buses for a little
over 1 year
• This ultimately led to a
Supreme Court decision which
desegregated all forms of
public transportation
(December 1956)
3. Social Isolation of Races
• The Little Rock 9
– Nine African American students tried to integrate
Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
– On September 4, 1957, a white mob and the
Arkansas National Guard prevented the students
from entering
– After a court order police escorted the students in
on September 23 but they were still socially
separated from the other students.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VT9VRXwahz8&feature=related
Solution: Tolerance
• Breaking social barriers takes time and
requires effort on both sides
http://youtu.be/hEJaz3sinEs
Objectives
• Content: Name forms of non-violent
protest.
• Learning: Explain your position on
standing up for a cause.
Non-Violent Tools of
The Civil Rights Movement
• Organized protests
–Sit-ins
–Marches
–Freedom Riders
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=freedom+riders+preview&&view=detail&mid=2FABCB4E03A0BF
5671F62FABCB4E03A0BF5671F6&FORM=VRDGAR
The Risks
• A large part of the Civil Rights Movement was
about non-violent protest….however the
protesters faced many dangerous risks!
– Protesters were:
»Arrested
»Assaulted
»Threatened
»Possibly murdered
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
• He was highly involved in the bus boycott
and the NAACP
• Became a leader in the Civil Rights
Movement
• Delivered the famous “I Have a Dream”
speech
• Advocated passive resistance and nonviolent protest as a way to end segregation
– Example: Selma Marches http://viewpure.com/x6t7vVTxaic?start=0&end=0
I Have a Dream Speech - http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm
Martin Luther King Jr.
Killed April 4, 1968
James Earl Ray
The Assassin
Challenges to Non-Violence
• Not everyone agreed with using nonviolence
• Many individuals thought that they had
waited too long and been through too
much
Challenges to Non-Violence
• Malcolm X
– Vibrant public speaker focusing on black pride
– African Americans should get rid of racism
“by any means necessary” (including
violence)
– Assassinated after he left the Nation of Islam
and started considering other options
Challenges to Non-Violence
• Black Panther Party - 1966
– Preached in “revolutionary
war” (violence) to get what
people have been denied for
so long
– 4 goals: equality in education,
housing, employment and
civil rights (goals are not just
for African Americans)
Challenges to Non-Violence
• Detroit Race Riot – 1967
– 5 days and nights of riots following a raid on a bar
where there were concerns of mistreatment and
discrimination against blacks.
•
•
•
•
•
33 blacks and 10 whites were killed
1,189 were injured
7,200 were arrested
2,500 stores were looted
Over $32 million in property damages
The Civil Rights Movement Success
• Resulted in laws that ensured constitutional
rights to all citizens regardless of race
1. Civil Rights Act of 1964
» Outlawed racial discrimination
against men and women and made
all forms of segregation illegal
2. Voting Rights Act of 1965
» Outlawed discriminatory voting
practices (no more literacy tests)
The Civil Rights Movement
• Civil Rights legislation led to increased
educational, economic, and political
opportunities for women and minorities.