April 13 th • 1598 - The Edict of Nantes grants political
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April th 13 • 1598 - The Edict of Nantes grants political rights to French Huguenots. • 1743 - Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States (1801-09) Agenda 1. Announcements 2. Warm Up 3. Americas Geography * Map Activity 4. The Maya 5. Aztecs and Inca Objectives Students will be able to… 68. Compare and contrast the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations. Geography Latin America’s Physical Geography Latin America is divided into three regions: • Mexico and Central America • Caribbean • South America Mexico and Central America 2,500 miles (about as wide as the US) • • mountains dominate the region – part of a huge system that extends from Canada, through the US, and all the way to the tip of South America • central plateau in Mexico – lies between Sierra Madre mountains and makes up more than half the country’s area • Central America is an Isthmus. – isthmus = a narrow strip of land that has water on both sides and joins two larger bodies of water – many volcanoes in Central America, as a result, their soil is fertile and many people farm lands Mexican Plateau Gulf of Mexico • bordered by the US to the north, five Mexican states to the south, and Cuba to the east Sierra Madre Mountains • mountain system in Mexico • three major chains: the Sierra Madre Occidental in the west, the Sierra Madre Oriental in the east, and the Sierra Madre del Sur, which extends along the southern coast –The Sierra Madre range contains some of the highest mountains and volcanoes in Mexico. Sierra Madre Mountains Mexico and Central America Panama Canal • canal across the isthmus of Panama in Central America – allows vessels to travel between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans • handles a large volume of world shipping and enables vessels to avoid traveling around South America, reducing their voyages by thousands of miles and many days. – consists of artificially created lakes, channels, and a series of locks, or water-filled chambers, that raise and lower ships through the mountainous terrain of central Panama Panama Canal Caribbean • small islands are made of coral –skeletons of tiny sea animals, rocklike substance • larger islands are tops of underwater mountains –examples: Cuba, Jamaica Caribbean Sea • partially enclosed on the north and east by the islands of the West Indies, and bounded on the south by South America and Panama, and on the west by Central America • a major trade route for Latin American countries • a popular resort area—noted for its mild tropical climate and beautiful waters Caribbean Sea South America • Andes Mountains—4,500 miles along west coast – They rise at some points to 20,000 feet— same height as twenty 100 story buildings stacked on top of each other – 2nd largest mountains; Himalayas are the 1st • highlands east of the Andes • Amazon River Basin—contains the largest tropical rain forest (Amazon Rain Forest) in the world; covers 1/3 of the continent Andes Amazon Rain Forest Coming to America Migration routes • Map Activity Objective #68 Mayan Civilization G R A P E S Mayan Civilization G R A P E S •Mexico and Central America Mayan Civilization G R A P E S •Mexico and Central America •Rainforests Mayan Civilization G R A P E S •Mexico and Central America •Rainforests •Polytheistic •Worship at pyramid temples Mayan Civilization G R A P E S •Mexico and Central America •Rainforests •Polytheistic •Worship at pyramid temples •Written language Mayan Civilization G R A P E S •Mexico and Central America •Rainforests •Polytheistic •Worship at pyramid temples •Written language •Calendar • Mathematics and science (astronomy – Help maintain calendar of religious rituals Mayan Civilization G R A P E S •Mexico and Central America •Rainforests •Polytheistic •Worship at pyramid temples •Written language •Calendar •Math and science (astronomy) Mayan Civilization G R A P E S •Mexico and Central America •Rainforests •Polytheistic •Worship at pyramid temples •Written language •Calendar •Math and science (astronomy) •City-states •Kings • Cities traded local products and resources • Agriculture-based society – Slash-and-burn and advanced farming techniques Mayan Civilization G R A P E S •Mexico and Central America •Rainforests •Polytheistic •Worship at pyramid temples •Written language •Calendar •Math and science (astronomy) •City-states •Kings •Agriculture •Trade • King • Nobles (priests and warriors) • Merchants and artisans • Peasants Mayan Civilization G R A P E S •Mexico and Central America •Rainforests •Polytheistic •Worship at pyramid temples •Written language •Calendar •Math and science (astronomy) •City-states •Kings •Agriculture •Trade •Kings, priests and nobles, merchants and artisans, peasants Chichén Itzá Mayan Atlas Activity • Read & Answer the questions for the Mayan Civilization (8 min) GRAPES! Aztecs Inca G G R R A A P P E E S S GRAPES! Aztecs Inca G G R R A •Calendar A P P E E S S GRAPES! Aztecs G R A •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) •Sun god •Calendar Inca G R A P P E E S S GRAPES! Aztecs G R A •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) •Sun god •Calendar Inca G R A P P E E S S •Machu Picchu GRAPES! Aztecs Inca G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) G R •Sun god •Human sacrifice R A •Calendar A P P E E S S •Machu Picchu GRAPES! Aztecs Inca G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) G R •Sun god •Human sacrifice R A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan A P P E E S S •Machu Picchu Polytheism GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan Inca G R A P P E E S S •Polytheism •Machu Picchu GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan Inca G R A P P E E S S •Polytheism •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) Agriculture! GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P E S Inca G R A •Polytheism •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) P •Agriculture E S •Agriculture Terrace Farming GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P E S Inca G R A •Polytheism •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) P •Agriculture E S •Agriculture (terrace farming) Tribute GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P E S •Tribute-based empire •Agriculture Inca G R A P E S •Polytheism •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) •Tribute-based empire •Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P E S •Tribute-based empire •Agriculture Inca G R A P E S •Polytheism •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) •Tribute-based empire •Agriculture (terrace farming) •State-controlled economy GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P E S •Tribute-based empire (conquest) •Agriculture Inca G R A P E S •Polytheism •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) •Tribute-based empire •Agriculture (terrace farming) •State-controlled economy GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P E S •Tribute-based empire (conquest) •Agriculture Inca G R A P E S •Andes mountains •South America (Peru) •Polytheism •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) •Tribute-based empire •Agriculture (terrace farming) •State-controlled economy Emperor GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P •Tribute-based empire (conquest) •Emperor E S •Agriculture Inca G R •Andes mountains •South America (Peru) •Polytheism A •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) P •Tribute-based empire •Emperor E •Agriculture (terrace farming) •State-controlled economy S Tlatelolco GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P •Tribute-based empire (conquest) •Emperor E •Agriculture •Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Inca G R •Andes mountains •South America (Peru) •Polytheism A •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) P •Tribute-based empire •Emperor E •Agriculture (terrace farming) •State-controlled economy S Quipu GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P •Tribute-based empire (conquest) •Emperor E •Agriculture •Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Inca G R •Andes mountains •South America (Peru) •Polytheism A •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) •Record keeping (quipu) P •Tribute-based empire •Emperor E •Agriculture (terrace farming) •State-controlled economy S Montezuma GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P •Tribute-based empire (conquest) •Emperor – Montezuma E •Agriculture •Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Inca G R •Andes mountains •South America (Peru) •Polytheism A •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) •Record keeping (quipu) P •Tribute-based empire •Emperor E •Agriculture (terrace farming) •State-controlled economy S Ayllu GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P •Tribute-based empire (conquest) •Emperor – Montezuma E •Agriculture •Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Inca G R •Andes mountains •South America (Peru) •Polytheism A •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) •Record keeping (quipu) P •Tribute-based empire •Emperor E •Agriculture (terrace farming) •State-controlled economy S •Ayllu (organized labor system) Pachacuti GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P •Tribute-based empire (conquest) •Emperor – Montezuma E •Agriculture •Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Inca G R •Andes mountains •South America (Peru) •Polytheism A •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) •Record keeping (quipu) P •Tribute-based empire •Emperor – Pachacuti E •Agriculture (terrace farming) •State-controlled economy S •Ayllu (organized labor system) Nobles and slaves GRAPES! Aztecs G •Central Mexico •Arid (cactus!) R •Sun god (Polytheism) •Human sacrifice A •Calendar •Tenochtitlan P •Tribute-based empire (conquest) •Emperor – Montezuma E •Agriculture •Tlatelolco (market – trade) S •Noble class; slaves Inca G R •Andes mountains •South America (Peru) •Polytheism A •Machu Picchu •Road system (chasquis = runners) •Record keeping (quipu) P •Tribute-based empire •Emperor – Pachacuti E •Agriculture (terrace farming) •State-controlled economy S •Ayllu (organized labor system) Atlas Activities Aztecs & Incas Civilizations Fall • Maya – Mysterious collapse, probably fighting each other which hurts agriculture, or over-farming destroyed the economy • Aztecs – Montezuma II makes enemies with demands – Invaded by Spanish (Hernan Cortez) • Inca – Sons divide the empire and fight about it – Invaded by Spanish (Francisco Pizzaro) Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #10 Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. THE END!
