Chapter 20 & 21
Latin America
Section 1: The Shape of the Land
1. Spanish and Portuguese
Mexico
Caribbean
Central
America
Isthmus:
a narrow strip of land
that connects two
larger pieces of land
F
E
5. It’s both deep and wide,
easy to travel
Section 2: Climates and People
6. ¾ - near the equator, between
the Tropics of Cancer & Capricorn
7. elevation (and rain, currents)
8. some are rich, some have little,
oil in Venezuela, copper, fruit,
lumber, illegal drugs
9. Native Americans, Europeans,
Meztizos (mixed decent) , Asians,
Africans
10.
Inca
Section 3:
Early
Civilizations
11. NO, Culture
12. Mayan, Writing
(hieroglyphics), 365 ¼
13. Aztecs, polytheistic
14. Educate, women
15. Inca, farming
How big do you think this is?
Inca Ruins in Bolivia
• The
water
source
for the
ancient
Incan
city
16.
Cortez – thought to be
a god; superstitions!
Better
Weapons;
allies
New
diseases
Hey boys and girls, today we’re
Going to be talking about
Mesoamerica.
After the Ice Age, people began
Moving across the Bering Strait
Into North America. They left
Northeast Asia and migrated
Through what is now Alaska, all
The way down to South America.
By the Middle Ages, these people
Had gotten organized. Some of
These civilizations were far more
Advanced than the Europeans
Would ever imagine.
In modern-day Veracruz,
Archaeologists
Pick up a pair of clues.
They saw pyramids
And giant stone heads,
And learned they belonged
To the Olmecs.
They discovered
The mother culture,
The first cities, artisans, sculptors.
Now that’s around 1200 BC,
The Maya came next
With similarities.
Advanced agriculturists
In the Yucatan,
With city-states,
The illest that you could plan.
Like Tikal, they found in Guatemala,
They used intercropping and
Reservoirs for water.
They had a calendar
And a writing system,
But a ball game
Where you could die a victim.
Slavery, sacrifice, it was a risky time,
And we don’t know why they
Disappeared in 869!
• Sudamerica, Centroamerica,
Mesoamerica:
Hay nativos! (There are natives!)
Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca,
The original American thinkers.
Sudamerica, Centroamerica,
Mesoamerica:
Hay nativos! (There are natives!)
Tikal, Tenochtitlan,
Machu Picchu: cities of some of
The original people.
•
Who has next?
Oh, that would be the Aztecs,
Don’t have horses,
So they run the fastest.
They kept control of a portion of
The atlas in Mexico,
Around Lake Texcoco.
They’re like, "If we roam we might
Not be strong,"
So they built a big city,
Tenochtitlan.
A city on a lake;
They bathed twice a day,
Plant corn, grind it up,
Make it into pancakes.
They had schools
Every kid attended,
They learned how to write,
Yep, also how to fight.
Imagine if one day
Your teacher was like,
"After math, I’ll show you
How to attack with an ax."
Aztecs would take slaves
And captives from their enemies;
That’s just part of their tactics.
The fact is,
They were sharper than a cactus,
They sacrificed humans,
It seemed like madness.
While the Aztecs were in Mexico,
The Incas were building a kingdom,
Exceptional.
At its height in the 12th century,
It stretched from Ecuador to Chile.
Essentially based at Peru,
In the city of Cuzco,
To connect various tribes
They used roads.
They built aqueducts in the Andes,
And they farmed terraces,
Y’all, to feed families.
We’re talking
Over a million residents,
They were developing
Some of the best medicines.
Plus, the king had style,
Machu Picchu –
The city of the clouds.
But from the ground,
It vanished, the secret,
Never found by the Spanish.
The people asked
Was it used for astronomy?
9,000 feet,
And the views are astonishing.
Chapter 21
Heritage of Latin America
1. Treaty of
Tortesaillas
– divided
South
America
between
Spain and
Portugal.
2. Spain, Spain, Enrich
Strong ties to Europe
continue ‘til today
due to Imperialism
3. Disease, war
4. Unified, educated ( built schools),
health care (built hospitals), owned
LOTS of property, destroyed native
beliefs
5. 1700s = demand freedom but…
The 1800s is when most
colonies in Latin
America gained independence
6. Geographic, deep divisions, lack
of experience in governing
7. small elite with lots of power
****************************
Etc.
Results of Clearing: Leaching & Erosion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLErPqqCC54&feature=en
dscreen&NR=1
Land Reform: Taking land from rich
land owners & giving to poor
farmers. WHY???
Does it work?
Illegal Drugs?
Still a huge problem today in Latin
America! WHY???
Mexico’s Drug Problem
1. Read the article on p. L17 and L8
2. Make a list of the problems described
(describe at least five)
3. How do the Mexicans view the issues?
4. Make a list of how the USA is impacted
5. What are the solutions? (List at least 3)