Independence Movements
United Nations:
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Peace keeping organization that replaced the League of Nations after WWII
Developed the Declaration of Human Rights
India:
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At first controlled by the British East India Co. Lost control with events such as the Sepoy Rebellion so
the British crown took over
Was promised independence after WWI but never got it
Indian National Congress was formed to “fight” for Indian independence
NON-VIOLENT leader of India’s independence movement was Gandhi. He used civil disobedience and
passive resistance to spread his message (Be sure to look over video questions).
Gained independence from England in 1947
Partition of India was the new country of Pakistan being made out of part of India. Caused problems
between the Hindus and Muslims
Today India is the world’s largest democracy
Africa:
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Europeans destroyed Africa during the Imperialism movement
 Algeria:
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Largest Country in Africa
France’s main colony
French outnumbered by Algerians
The Algerian National Liberation Front announced that it would fight for freedom
The French lost the fight and Algeria gained its independence in 1962
 Ghana:
1. NON-VIOLENT fight for Independence was led by Kwame Nkrumah
2. Used “Positive Action” such as strikes, protest, etc.
3. 1st Sub Saharan African Nation to gain INDEPENDENCE in 1957
 Kenya:
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British settlers took the best farmland
NON-VIOLENT fight for independence was led by Jomo Kenyatta
Mau Mau was a fight between Kenyans and the British settlers
Gained independence in 1963
 South Africa:
1. Apartheid: Legal separation of the races in South Africa
2. Nelson Mandela fought against Apartheid.
 Spent 27 Years in prison.
 When he was released, he negotiated for end of Apartheid
 Elected President in first full election
Egypt:
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Gamal Abdel Nasser led a revolution in 1952 against the Egyptian King and Imperial British
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Took control of the Suez Canal (remember the importance of the canal)
Modernized/Industrialized Egypt
Established ties with USSR
Built the Aswan Dam on the Nile. “Dam it!”
Israel:
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Zionism – Jewish Nationalism that supports a Jewish nation in the Land of Israel
UN voted for creation of Israel in Palestine (a former League of Nations Mandate)
Palestine becomes Israel in 1948. Led to regional conflicts that continue today
Golda Meir
1. Prime Minister of Israel in 1969
2. “Iron Lady” of Israel
3. Turned to US for help during various wars against various Middle Eastern countries
Mandates:
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New countries formed out of the Ottoman Empire at the end of WWI under the direction of the League
of Nations
France and Britain controlled the Mandates
1. France: Syria and Lebanon
2. Britain: Palestine and (Trans)Jordan