Properties of matter
1
General Properties of
Matter
Matter
is anything that
has mass and volume
Everything is made of
matter
2
What are properties?
Characteristics
used to
describe an object
Ex: color, odor, shape,
size, texture,hardness
video
3
General Properties of
matter
Mass,
weight, volume,
and density
Properties are used to
identify a substance
4
What is mass?
Mass
is the amount of
matter in an object
Mass is constant
Mass is also the
measure of inertia
5
What is inertia?
Inertia is the
resistance of an object
to changes in its
motion
The more mass the
greater the inertia
6
Questions
How
is mass related to
inertia?
Why are properties of
an object important?
7
Question
Which
object has
more inertia, an
empty wagon or one
loaded with rocks?
Why?
9
Question
What
does a seatbelt
do for a passenger
when a car stops
suddenly?
10
Question
Why
would the
passenger move
forward without the
restraining force of
the belt?
11
Question
What
would stop a
passenger if the
seatbelt were not in
place?
12
Question
What
other safety
features are present
in a car in response
to a person’s inertia
in a moving vehicle?
13
Weight
The
measure of the force
of gravity on the mass of
an object
Weight changes with
gravity
The metric unit for
weight is a Newton (N)
14
1
Weight formula
kg = 2.2 pounds
 Weight is mass times gravity
(9.8 m/s2)
 W= m x g
 What is your mass?
 What is your weight in
Newtons? Your Weight X 4.448
15
What is gravity?
The
force of attraction
between objects is
gravity
All objects exert a
gravitational force on
each other
16
Question
Why can’t you feel the
attraction between you
and other objects the
same way you are
pulled toward Earth?
17
Gravitational pull
The
greater the
mass of an object the
greater the
gravitational force
18
Question
Why
can’t we feel
the pull of gravity
from Jupiter even
though it is so
massive?
19
What affects gravity?
The pull of gravity
weakens as the
distance between
objects increases
gravity depends on
mass and distance
20
Gravity
The
further an object
is from the center of
the earth, the less
the object will weigh
21
Question
Would
you weigh less,
more, or the same on
top of Mount Everest?
22
Question
The
moon is smaller
than the earth. How
would your weight be
different on the moon?
23
Questions
What
are three
properties of matter
related to mass?
24
Questioning and literacy
What
is density and
how is it calculated?
Design three word
problems finding
each of densities
variables.
25
Density
The
density of water is
1.0 g/ml
Objects with densities
greater than 1.0 will
sink in water
26
Density
Objects
with
densities less than
1.0 g/ml will float on
water
27
Ice
Ice floats therefore it
is less dense than
water
Ice mostly remains
underwater with only a
portion of it being
exposed
28
Astronomy fact!
The planet Saturn has
a density of less than
1.0 g/ml. If there was
an ocean big enough to
hold it, it would float!
29
Calculations
If
96.5 grams of gold
has a volume of 5
cubic centimeters,
what is the density of
gold?
30
Calculation
If
96.5 g of aluminum
has a volume of 35
cm3, what is the
density of aluminum?
31
Calculation
If the density of a
3
diamond is 3.5 g/cm ,
what would be the
mass of a diamond
whose volume is 0.5
cm3?
32
What is specific gravity?
A
comparison of the
density of a
substance and the
density of water is
specific gravity
33
Questions
How
is density
different from specific
gravity?
34
What is a physical property?
Physical
properties
are those that can be
observed without
changing the identity
of the substance
35
Phases of matter (video)
Four
phases of matter:
solid, liquid, gas, and
plasma
solids have a definite
shape and volume
36
Solid particle arrangement
Solids
are tightly packed
and the particles vibrate
Two types of solids are
crystalline and
amorphous
37
Types of solids
Crystalline solids are
arranged in repeating
patterns called
crystals (salt, sugar)
Amorphous solids can
lose their shape
38
Examples of amorphous solids
Tar, candle wax, glass
 Shape changes under
certain conditions
(differences in
temperature)

39
Liquid particle arrangement
Liquids
have
particles that are
close together, but
are free to move
40
Question
Describe
the shape
of a liquid.
41
Describe a liquid
Liquids
do not have a
definite shape, but
they have a definite
volume
42
Question
What
happens when
one-liter of soda is
poured into a fourliter container?
43
Properties of liquids
Liquids do not expand
to fill the volume of a
container
Liquids are
characterized by their
ability to flow
44
What is viscosity?
The
resistance of a liquid
to flow
The difficulty of a liquid
to flow easily
Honey, motor oil, corn
syrup have a high
viscosity
45
Behavior of liquids
Cohesion
is the force of
attraction between LIKE
particles
Adhesion is the force of
attraction between
UNLIKE particles
46
Surface tension (video)
Tendency
of particles
to pull together at the
surface of a liquid due
to cohesion
47
Question
Describe
the viscosity
of a liquid.
Describe a liquid’s
shape.
48
Questions
How
is adhesion
different from
cohesion?
Explain surface
tension.
49
Properties of gases
Gases do not have a
definite shape or
volume (video)
They fill all the
available space in a
container
50
Kinetic Molecular Theory of
Matter
Matter
is made of tiny
particles in constant
motion
51
Question
How
are solids, liquids,
and gases different
from one another?
52
Gas laws
Boyle’s
and Charles’ law
describe the behavior of
gases with changes in
temperature, pressure,
and volume
53
Charles Law
Charles’
law describes
a relationship between
the temperature and
volume of a gas
(constant pressure)
54
Charles’ Law
As
the temperature of a
gas increases, the
volume of a gas
increases
Heating air causes it to
expand
55
Question
How
can you explain
the fact that gas
particles expand to
fill space?
56
Pressure
The
force that
particles of a
substance (gas/liquid)
will apply over a
certain area
57
Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s
law describes
the relationship
between the volume
and pressure of gases
(constant temperature)
58
Boyle’s law
If
the volume of a gas
decreases, then the
pressure of a gas
increases (Boyle’s law)
The smaller the space
a gas occupies, the
more pressure
59
Plasma
Plasma
(phase)
most common phase in
the universe, dangerous,
very high energy (found in
stars)
60
Question
What
are the four
phases of matter?
Describe the plasma
phase of matter.
61
Phase changes (video)
Phase
changes in
matter are melting,
freezing, vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation
62
What is a physical change?
Physical
changes involve
the changing of physical
properties
Type of matter remains
the same
63
Questions
Describe
each of the five
phase changes (melting,
freezing, vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation).
64
Physical changes
Changing
color,
shape, phase,
texture, hardness,
odor would be a
physical change
65
Melting video
Phase
change from a
solid to a liquid
66
Melting point
Temperature
in
which a solid
changes to a liquid
Physical property
67
Questions
How
is melting
different from freezing?
68
Phase changes (video)
Involve a change in
volume, but mass
remains constant
 Adding or removing
energy from matter
results in phase changes

69
Vaporization
Phase
change from a
liquid to a gas
70
Boiling point (video)
The
temperature in which
a liquid boils
Point at which a liquid
changes to a gas
71
Freezing (video)
Phase
change of a
liquid to a solid
The temperature in
which this occurs is
the freezing point
72
Condensation
Condensation is the
phase change from a
gas to a liquid
Sublimation is a phase
change from solid to a
gas
73
Question
Describe
a difference
between condensation
and vaporization.
74
Sublimation examples
Dry
ice and iodine
are examples solids
that undergo
sublimation
75
Chemical properties
Describe how a
substance changes
into new substances
are chemical
properties
Ex: flammability
76
Chemical changes
The
change of a
substance into a new and
different substance
Also known as a
chemical reaction
video
77
Questions
What
is another name for
a chemical change?
Describe sublimation.
Describe deposition
How is a chemical
change different from a
physical change?
78