Properties of matter
1
General Properties of
Matter
Matter
is anything that
has mass and volume
Everything is made of
matter
2
What are properties?
Characteristics
used to
describe an object
Ex: color, odor, shape,
size, texture,hardness
video
3
General Properties of
matter
Mass,
weight, volume,
and density
Properties are used to
identify a substance
4
What is mass?
Mass
is the amount of
matter in an object
Mass is constant
Mass is also the
measure of inertia
5
What is inertia?
Inertia is the
resistance of an object
to changes in its
motion
The more mass the
greater the inertia
6
Questions
How
is mass related to
inertia?
Why are properties of
an object important?
7
Force and inertia
When
an object is at
rest, a force is
needed to overcome
the inertia to make it
move and to stop the
object’s motion
8
Question
Which
object has
more inertia, an
empty wagon or one
loaded with rocks?
Why?
9
Question
What
does a seatbelt
do for a passenger
when a car stops
suddenly?
10
Question
Why
would the
passenger move
forward without the
restraining force of
the belt?
11
Question
What
would stop a
passenger if the
seatbelt were not in
place?
12
Question
What
other safety
features are present
in a car in response
to a person’s inertia
in a moving vehicle?
13
Weight
The
measure of the force
of gravity on the mass of
an object
Weight changes with
gravity
The metric unit for
weight is a Newton (N)
14
Weight formula
1
kg = 2.2 pounds
Weight is mass times gravity
(9.8 m/s2)
W= m x g
What is your mass?
What is your weight in
Newtons?
15
What is gravity?
The
force of attraction
between objects is
gravity
All objects exert a
gravitational force on
each other
16
Question
Why can’t you feel the
attraction between you
and other objects the
same way you are
pulled toward Earth?
17
Gravitational pull
The
greater the
mass of an object the
greater the
gravitational force
18
Question
Why
can’t we feel
the pull of gravity
from Jupiter even
though it is so
massive?
19
What affects gravity?
The pull of gravity
weakens as the
distance between
objects increases
gravity depends on
mass and distance
20
Gravity
The
further an object
is from the center of
the earth, the less
the object will weigh
21
Question
Would
you weigh less,
more, or the same on
top of Mount Everest?
22
Question
The
moon is smaller
than the earth. How
would your weight be
different on the moon?
23
Questions
What
are three
properties of matter
related to mass?
24
Question
What
is density and
how is it calculated?
25
Density
The
density of water is
1.0 g/ml
Objects with densities
greater than 1.0 will
sink in water
26
Density
Objects
with
densities less than
1.0 g/ml will float on
water
27
Ice
Ice floats therefore it
is less dense than
water
Ice mostly remains
underwater with only a
portion of it being
exposed
28
Astronomy fact!
The planet Saturn has
a density of less than
1.0 g/ml. If there was
an ocean big enough to
hold it, it would float!
29
Calculations
If
96.5 grams of gold
has a volume of 5
cubic centimeters,
what is the density of
gold?
30
Calculation
If
96.5 g of aluminum
has a volume of 35
cm3, what is the
density of aluminum?
31
Calculation
If the density of a
3
diamond is 3.5 g/cm ,
what would be the
mass of a diamond
whose volume is 0.5
cm3?
32
What is specific gravity?
A
comparison of the
density of a
substance and the
density of water is
specific gravity
33
Questions
How
is density
different from specific
gravity?
34
What is a physical property?
Physical
properties
are those that can be
observed without
changing the identity
of the substance
35
Phases of matter (video)
Four
phases of matter:
solid, liquid, gas, and
plasma
solids have a definite
shape and volume
36
Solid particle arrangement
Solids
are tightly packed
and the particles vibrate
Two types of solids are
crystalline and
amorphous
37
Types of solids
Crystalline solids are
arranged in repeating
patterns called
crystals (salt, sugar)
Amorphous solids can
lose their shape
38
Examples of amorphous solids
Tar, candle wax, glass
Shape changes under
certain conditions
(differences in
temperature)
39
Liquid particle arrangement
Liquids
have
particles that are
close together, but
are free to move
40
Question
Describe
the shape
of a liquid.
41
Describe a liquid
Liquids
do not have a
definite shape, but
they have a definite
volume
42
Question
What
happens when
one-liter of soda is
poured into a fourliter container?
43
Properties of liquids
Liquids do not expand
to fill the volume of a
container
Liquids are
characterized by their
ability to flow
44
What is viscosity?
The
resistance of a liquid
to flow
The difficulty of a liquid
to flow easily
Honey, motor oil, corn
syrup have a high
viscosity
45
Behavior of liquids
Cohesion
is the force of
attraction between LIKE
particles
Adhesion is the force of
attraction between
UNLIKE particles
46
Surface tension (video)
Tendency
of particles
to pull together at the
surface of a liquid due
to cohesion
47
Question
Describe
the viscosity
of a liquid.
Describe a liquid’s
shape.
48
Questions
How
is adhesion
different from
cohesion?
Explain surface
tension.
49
Properties of gases
Gases do not have a
definite shape or
volume (video)
They fill all the
available space in a
container
50
Kinetic Molecular Theory of
Matter
Matter
is made of tiny
particles in constant
motion
51
Question
How
are solids, liquids,
and gases different
from one another?
52
Gas laws
Boyle’s
and Charles’ law
describe the behavior of
gases with changes in
temperature, pressure,
and volume
53
Charles Law
Charles’
law describes
a relationship between
the temperature and
volume of a gas
(constant pressure)
54
Charles’ Law
As
the temperature of a
gas increases, the
volume of a gas
increases
Heating air causes it to
expand
55
Question
How
can you explain
the fact that gas
particles expand to
fill space?
56
Pressure
The
force that
particles of a
substance (gas/liquid)
will apply over a
certain area
57
Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s
law describes
the relationship
between the volume
and pressure of gases
(constant temperature)
58
Boyle’s law
If
the volume of a gas
decreases, then the
pressure of a gas
increases (Boyle’s law)
The smaller the space
a gas occupies, the
more pressure
59
Plasma
Plasma
(phase)
most common phase in
the universe, dangerous,
very high energy (found in
stars)
60
Question
What
are the four
phases of matter?
Describe the plasma
phase of matter.
61
Phase changes (video)
Phase
changes in
matter are melting,
freezing, vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation
62
What is a physical change?
Physical
changes involve
the changing of physical
properties
Type of matter remains
the same
63
Questions
Describe
each of the five
phase changes (melting,
freezing, vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation).
64
Physical changes
Changing
color,
shape, phase,
texture, hardness,
odor would be a
physical change
65
Melting video
Phase
change from a
solid to a liquid
66
Melting point
Temperature
in
which a solid
changes to a liquid
Physical property
67
Questions
How
is melting
different from freezing?
68
Phase changes (video)
Involve a change in
volume, but mass
remains constant
Adding or removing
energy from matter
results in phase changes
69
Vaporization
Phase
change from a
liquid to a gas
70
Boiling point (video)
The
temperature in which
a liquid boils
Point at which a liquid
changes to a gas
71
Freezing (video)
Phase
change of a
liquid to a solid
The temperature in
which this occurs is
the freezing point
72
Condensation
Condensation is the
phase change from a
gas to a liquid
Sublimation is a phase
change from solid to a
gas
73
Question
Describe
a difference
between condensation
and vaporization.
74
Sublimation examples
Dry
ice and iodine
are examples solids
that undergo
sublimation
75
Chemical properties
Describe how a
substance changes
into new substances
are chemical
properties
Ex: flammability
76
Chemical changes
The
change of a
substance into a new and
different substance
Also known as a
chemical reaction
video
77
Questions
What
is another name for
a chemical change?
Describe sublimation.
How is a chemical
change different from a
physical change?
78