Emotions
Agenda
1. Bell Ringer: How can motivation be tied to
emotion? (5)
2. Intro to Emotion, various theories (15)
3. How to tell if someone is lying… (15)
- 2 truths and lie test
4. The Face: Video, analysis (30)
5. Facial Experiment, guess that emotion. (5)
Emotion
Physiological
responses related to
the emotions of fear,
anger, love, and
boredom are very
similar.
Emotion
 To experience emotion,
one must…
1. be physically aroused
2. have expressive behaviors
3. be cognitive (conscious of
experience)
Expressed Emotion
Emotions are expressed on the face,
by the body, and by the intonation
of voice.
Izard isolated 10 emotions. Most of
them are present in infancy, except for contempt,
Shame, and guilt.
People generally divide emotions into
two dimensions.
Theories of Emotion
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Schacter-Singer
Opponent-Process
Cognitive Appraisal
James-Lange
Emotions happen
as a result of
physiological
events.
James-Lange
Event
Interpretation /
Emotion
Arousal
James-Lange
Fear
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
(Thalamic Theory)
We feel the emotions
and physiological
changes at the same
time.
Cannon-Bard
Event
Arousal
Interpretation /
Emotion
Cannon-Bard
Fear
Cannon-Bard
Schachter & Singer
(Two-factor theory)
Infer emotion from
arousal and then
label it (cognitive).
Two-Factor Theory
Event
Reasoning
Arousal
Emotion
Two-Factor Theory
I am
trembling
Fear
Two-Factor Theory
Cognitive Appraisal
Theory
Our emotional experience depends
on our interpretation of the
situation we are in.
– Primary appraisal: figuring out the
consequences of decision
– Secondary appraisal: figuring out the
consequences of decision and your
current emotions
Opponent-Process Theory
When we experience an emotion, an
opposing emotion will counter the first
emotion, lessening the experience of the
emotion.
– Ex. When skydiving the first time you are
scared at first. But the next time you do it you
only remember how fun and exhilarating it
was. The fear is forgotten.
Agenda Day 2 Emotion
1. What are the five theories regarding
emotion? (10)
2. Types of Emotion, Notes (15)
3. Fear exercise, what defines fear vs being
scared? (10)
– Baby clip
4. Anger, how to deal with it. (10)
5. Cartoon Experiment (15)
6. Summarizing Emotion (10)
Fear
Fear can torment us, rob us of sleep,
and preoccupy our thinking. However,
fear can be adaptive – it makes us run
away from danger, it brings us closer as
groups, and it protects us from injury
and harm.
Fear is centered in the amygdala.
When fearful
eyes were
subliminally
presented to
subjects, MRI
scans revealed
higher levels of
activity in the
amygdala.
Learning Fear
We learn fear
in two ways,
either through
conditioning
and/or through
observation.
The Biology of Fear
Some fears are easier to learn than others.
The amygdala in the brain associates
emotions like fear with certain situations.
Causes of Anger
1. People generally become angry
with friends and loved ones who
commit wrongdoings, especially
if they are willful, unjustified,
and avoidable.
2. People are also angered by foul
odors, high temperatures, traffic
jams, and aches and pains.
Catharsis Hypothesis
Venting anger
through action
or fantasy
achieves an
emotional
release or
“catharsis.”
Cultural & Gender Differences
1. Boys respond to anger by moving
away from that situation, while girls
talk to their friends.
2. Anger breeds prejudice.
3. The expression of anger is more
encouraged in cultures that do not
promote group behavior than in
cultures that do promote group
behavior.
Happiness
People who are happy
perceive the world as
being safer. They are
able to make decisions
easily, are more
cooperative, rate job
applicants more
favorably, and live
healthier, energized,
and more satisfied
lives.
Feel-Good, Do-Good
Phenomenon
When we
feel happy
we are
more willing
to help
others.