History SOL Review (Geography – Moving West)
Name:
GEOGRAPHY
How did people’s perceptions and use of the Great Plains change after the Civil War?

People saw the Great Plains not as a “_______________________” but as a ___________________________________.
Physical features/climates

F

L

E

D
Identify the City
A:
B:
C:
D:
16
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
E:
What State?
What Region?
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
Match the significant city to the correct state:
1. _____ New Mexico
2. _____ Washington
3. _____ Hawaii
4. _____ Georgia
5. _____ Louisiana
6. _____ Colorado
7. _____ Alaska
8. _____ Illinois
9. _____ Michigan
10. _____ Utah
11. _____ Missouri
12. _____ California
13. _____ Texas
14. _____ Massachusetts
15. _____ Pennsylvania
a. Chicago
b. St. Louis
c. Pittsburgh
d. Denver
e. Seattle
f. Santa Fe
g. Salt Lake City
h. Detroit
i. San Francisco
j. Honolulu
k. Boston
l. Juneau
m. San Antonio
n. Atlanta
o. New Orleans
RECONSTRUCTION ended in __________________ (year)
Racial segregation:
 Based upon _________
 Directed primarily against _________________, but other groups were also segregated
o “_______________” were passed to _____________ against _________________________
o These laws made _________________ practices legal in many communities and states by the 1896
court case called ________________ v ______________________.
o Characterized by unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, government
Explain the following amendments:
 13th
 14th
 15th
African Americans could now hold public office. Which group was banned from this?
Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
What was the Freedman’s Bureau?
Who were the carpetbaggers?
What were the black codes?
Who left the south when Reconstruction ended?
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
How did African Americans respond to discrimination and “Jim Crow laws?”
Believed:
Booker T. Washington
Believed:
W.E.B. DuBois
Who said preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South?
This man urged Southerners to reconcile and later became president of Washington College?
Explain Frederick Douglass’ contribution to reconstruction?
WESTWARD EXPANSION
Interaction and conflict occurred between different cultural groups (mainly Native Americans)
 Reservations—the United States forced Native Americans to give up ___________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.
 Battle of __________________, __________________, ___________________ are all examples of opposition
by Native Americans to westward expansion.
 _______________________ said, “…I will fight no more forever.”
 Explain the significance of the Battle of Wounded Knee.
Tell me why…
Westward expansion happened?
o
L
o
A
o
R
o
G
o
E
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
New technologies allowed people to see the Great Plains as
something other than a “__________________.”
 Barbed ________
 _______ plows
 Dry farming
 Sod houses
 Beef _________ raising (farming)
 ________ farming
 Windmills
 R__________________
Practice Questions:
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
IMMIGRATION
Certain groups of immigrants were discriminated against (helped build the Transcontinental RR):
 ________________________ (prevented from immigrating by the Exclusion act of 1882)
 _______________________
What are three challenges that immigrants faced upon their arrival to the cities of America?
Efforts to solve these problems were :
 Settlement Houses – define:
Example: Hull House founded by _______________________--POSITIVE)
 Groups that gained power by helping new immigrants (promised to get them jobs and
housing) were called ____________________________________. Were they positive or
negative? ______________________
Tell me why…
There was increased immigration from 1880-1920?
o
H
o
E
o
A
o
R
Where were immigrants coming from during the third wave of immigration (1880-1920)?
INDUSTRIALIZATION
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
How did advances in transportation link resources, products, and markets?
Transportation of resources
 What was moved to Eastern
factories?
 Moving iron ore deposits to sites of
_________________________
(Pittsburgh)
 Transporting finished products to
________________________
Manufacturing areas were located near centers of
population:
 ______________ industry located in
New England
 ___________ industry - Detroit
 ___________ industry located in
Pittsburgh
 ___________ industry located in
Chicago
Tell me why…
Cities developed?
o
Specialized __________________ including _________ (Pittsburgh) and meat packing (___________)
o
Immigration from _____________________ (SEE).
o
o
Movement of Americans from _________ to __________ areas for job opportunities.
Define rural:
o
Define urban:
What 2 inventions contributed to great change and industrial growth?
 ___________________ (Thomas Edison)
 Allowed machines to be built to do jobs that were previously done by hand. This is called
_____________________.
 Allowed factories and other businesses to be open later when it was dark
 Telephone service (invented by ___________________)
 Could quickly reach someone over a ______________________
Big Business
Reasons for the rise in big business
o
National markets created by ___________________
advances
o
Captains of Industry




Factors causing the growth of industry
o
Access to _____ materials and
energy
o
Availability of _________
__________ (immigrants)
_________________—oil
_________________—steel
_________________--automobile
_________________ - railroads
o
______________________
o
______________
o
Lower-cost production
o
Financial resources
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
PROGRESSIVE ERA
How did the reforms of the Progressive Movement change the United States?
Negative effects of
industrialization
 ____________ labor
 Low ________, long ______
 Unsafe ______________
________________
How did workers respond to these negative
effects?
 Rise of organized labor
o Formation of unions (growth
of AFL:
A_______________
F_______________
L________________)
o Strikes (aftermath of the
_______________ strike)
Women’s ____________
Progressive Movement workplace reforms
 Improved _____________
___________________.
 Reduced _______________
 Placed restrictions on
__________ ____________.
 Increased ________________ opportunities
 Attained __________ rights
o Women gained the right to vote with
the passage of the ____________
Amendment
o These three women worked for
women’s suffrage
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________.
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
ROARING 20’S


____________________ Movement—composed of groups opposed to the making and consuming of
____________
Supported the _____ Amendment prohibiting the _____________, ____________, and ______________
of alcohol
Prohibition was imposed by a constitutional amendment (18th) that made it illegal to ________________,
_______________, and ______________ alcoholic beverages.
 ________________ were created as places for people to drink alcoholic beverages in secret.
 _______________ smuggled illegal alcohol promoted organized crime.
Why did African Americans migrate to northern cities?
Great Migration North
__________ for African Americans in the South were scarce and low paying.
African Americans faced _________________ and violence in the South
African Americans moved to ____________ cities in search of better ________________ opportunities
______________________ also faced discrimination and violence in the North, but not as much
Who were the leaders in art, literature, and music? What were their contributions? (USII 5c)
Cultural Icons
Harlem Renaissance
Art—Georgia O’Keeffe was known for:
Art—_____________________ painter who chronicled the
experiences of the _______________________ North.
Literature—__________________________ was a novelist
who wrote about the Jazz Age.
Literature—____________________, a poet who combined
the experiences of African and American cultural roots.
___________________ portrayed the strength of the
migrant workers during the 1930s.
Music - Aaron ____________ and George ____________
composed uniquely American music.
Music—____________________ and __________________
were jazz composers. ___________________ was a blues
singer. Their popularity spread to the rest of society.
How was social and economic life in the early twentieth century different from that of the
late nineteenth century?
Communication changes:

Improved transportation due to
affordable automobiles




Greater _____________
Creation of _________
Growth of ___________________ industries (road
construction, oil, steel)
Movement to __________


Increased availability of
________________
Development of the _______
and broadcast industry
Development of the movies
Other inventions:


Airplane
(__________ brothers)
Assembly line
(_______________)
Electricity changed
American life:




________________ products
(washing machines, electric
stoves)
___________ lighting
Entertainment (radio)
Improved communications
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
IMPERIALISM
Spanish-American War
Reasons for the war
Results of the war

Protection of American
_________________
____________________ in Cuba (sugar)

The United States emerged as a
______________ _________________.

American support of Cuban rebels to
gain __________________ from
_____________

______________ gained independence
from Spain.

Rising tensions as a result of the sinking
of the __________________ in Havana
Harbor

The United States gained possession of
the __________________, _________,
and ________ ____________. (POP
ROCKS GO POP)

Exaggerated _______________________
of events (yellow journalism)
Explain the three points of Roosevelt Corollary:



WORLD WAR I
Allies
Central Powers
Why did the United States become
involved in the war?
The Four Causes are:
1.
2.
3.
X
4.
X
At the end of the war—President Wilson prepared a 14 point ___________ that called for the formation of
the ________________________, a peace-keeping organization. The US decided not to join the League of
GREAT
NationsDEPRESSION
because the United States _______________ failed to ratify the ____________________________.
Great Depression
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
The Great Depression
Causes
Effects
The New Deal
This was President ___________________________ plan to end the Great Depression in the United
States.
He created programs such as :
 _______________________ (Still exists today)
 federal __________ programs
 environmental ____________ programs
 farm __________ programs
 Increased rights for _____________.
How did the U.S. get out of the Great Depression?
What is a Hooverville? Why is it called that?
Define the following terms:
 Margin/Credit

Pension

Relief

Federal Reserve
WORLD WAR II
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
How did post-World War I Europe set the stage for World War II?
What are the causes for World War II?
1.
2.
3.
4.







How did the rise of fascism affect world events following World War I?
Fascism—political philosophy in which ___________________ is given to a dictator and
individual freedoms are ____________.
Fascist dictators included _________________ (Germany), __________________ (Italy), and
Hideki Tojo (____________).
Led the countries known as the AXIS POWERS.
THE ALLIES
Democratic nations
United States, ____________, Canada
________________ joined after being invaded by Germany
Allied leaders included ___________________ and Harry Truman (U.S.),
____________________ (Great Britain), and Joseph Stalin (__________________)
How did American policy toward events in Europe and Asia change over time?
Gradual change in American policy from ________________ to INVOLVEMENT
 Isolationism (Great Depression, legacy of World War I)
 Economic aid to ________________
 ____________ involvement in the war
War in the Pacific

Rising tension developed between the U.S. and ________________ because of Japanese aggression in East
Asia.

On __________________, Japan attacked the U.S. at _________________ without warning.

The United States declared war on ______________.

______________ declared war on the United States.
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
What were the major events and turning points of World War II? (USII 6b)
1. Germany invaded ______________, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic
nations.
2. Germany invaded ___________, capturing Paris.
3. Germany bombed London and the Battle of ___________ began.
4. The United States gave Britain war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in Bermuda and the
Caribbean. This is called ________________.
5. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.
6. After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, _______________ declared war on the United States.
7. The United States declared war on Japan and Germany.
8. The United States was victorious over Japan in the Battle of ______________. This victory was the turning point of
the war in the Pacific.
9. Germany invaded ________________. The Soviet Union defeated Germany at Stalingrad, marking the turning point
of the war in Eastern Europe.
10. American and Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on __________ to begin the liberation of Western Europe.
11. The United States dropped 2 ______________ on Japan (Hiroshima and _______________) in 1945, forcing Japan
to surrender and ending WWII.
What was the Holocaust?
Define the following terms:
 Anti-Semitism:
 Aryan supremacy:
 Holocaust:
 Tactics
o Boycott of Jewish __________
o Threats
o Segregation
o Imprisonment and killing of Jews and others in __________________________
How did Americans at home support the war effort?

American involvement in World War II brought an end to the _____________ _____________________

Factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war.

Thousands of American ________________ took jobs in defense plants during the war (Rosie the Riveter)

Americans at home supported the war by conserving and _______________ resources.
What effect did the war have on race relations in America?
 The need for workers temporarily broke down some racial barriers (example: hiring in defense plants)
although discrimination against _____________ _________________ continued.
 While many Japanese Americans served in the armed forces, others

Were treated with distrust and prejudice, and many were forced into ________________ camps.
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
POST WWII
What contributed to the prosperity of Americans following World War II? (UII 7b)
Reasons for rapid growth of American economy following World War II

With rationing of consumer goods over, businesses converted from production of _________________ to
__________________________________.

Americans purchased goods on ______________.

The workforce shifted back to men, and most women returned to _________________________.

Labor unions merged and became more powerful; workers gained ____________ and higher ______________.

As economic prosperity continued and technology boomed, the next generation of women reentered the
labor force in large numbers.
How did the United States help rebuild postwar Europe and Japan?
Much of Europe was in __________ following World War II. __________ occupied most of Eastern and Central
Europe and the eastern portion of Germany. The US felt it was in its best interest to rebuild _________ and
prevent political and economic ______________.
Rebuilding efforts

The US instituted the ________________ Plan to rebuild Europe, which provided massive financial aid to
rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of ___________________.

Germany was portioned into East and West Germany. West Germany became _______________ and
resumed self-government after a few years of American, British, and French occupation. East Germany
remained under the domination of the Soviet Union promoted _____________________.

Following its defeat, __________ was occupied by American forces. It soon adopted a democratic form of
government, resumed self-government, and became a strong ally of the United States.
Establishment of the United Nations
The United Nations was formed near the end of World War II to create a body for the nations of
the world to try and prevent ________________________________________________. This
replaced the _________________________.
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
COLD WAR
How and why did the Cold War begin? (USII 7c)
Origins of the Cold War
Define the term “Cold War”
o
o
o
o
Differences in goals and ideologies between the __________ and the
_________________ (the 2 superpowers)—The US was democratic
and ___________; the Soviet Union was dictatorial and
____________________
The Soviet Union’s domination over Eastern European countries
American policy of ______________________ (to stop the spread of
communism)
________________________________ (NATO) vs the ________ Pact
How did Cold War tensions cause divisiveness at home?
Major conflicts in the post-World War II era
South Korea and the _______________ resisted ________________ and North Korean aggression. The conflict
ended in a ________________.
The ______________________________________ occurred when the Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba. The
Soviets removed the missiles in response to a ___________________________.
The US intervened to stop the spread of communism into South Vietnam (Domino Theory). Americans were
divided over whether the US should be involved militarily in Vietnam. The conflict ended in a cease-fire
agreement in which US troops withdrew.



How did communism collapse in Europe?
Collapse of communism in Europe


How were the challenges after the
Cold War different from earlier challenges?
Soviet Union turns into
_________________________
________________________ of
the Berlin Wall
What factors led to changing patterns of society in the post-World War II era? (USII 7d)
Factors leading to changing patterns in US society

Strong economy (healthy job market, increased productivity, increased demand for American products)

Greater investment in ______________________ (to compete with Russia in the space race)

“The Baby ___________” which lead to changing demographics

Interstate highway system- credit given to President ________________________

Evolving role of _________________ (expected to play supporting role in the family, but increasingly working
outside the home)

Role of ________________________ (former first lady) in expanding women’s rights during the 40s and 50s

African Americans’ aspirations for equal opportunities

Changes in make-up of immigrants after 1965- The majority of immigrants are now _____________ and
____________
U.S. History 1865 to the present
2014 SOL Review Packet
CIVIL RIGHTS
What policies and programs expanded educational and employment opportunities for the military, women,
and minorities?

G.I. Bill of Rights gave educational, _____________, and employment benefits to _____________ veterans

__________________ desegregated the armed forces

Civil Rights legislation led to increased educational, economic, and political opportunities for women and
minorities.
What were some effects of
segregation on American society?
o
How were women disadvantaged in the workplace and what actions
were taken to improve conditions for them?
Workplace disadvantages
Separate _____________ for white
and African American students
o
Separate _______________
(restaurants, restrooms)
o
Social isolation of races


Discrimination in ____________
practices against women
Lower wages for women than men
doing the ________ ________
Improved conditions



_______________________________ (NOW)
Federal legislation to force colleges to give women equal
__________________ (Title XI)
The ________________________ (ERA), despite its failure, and a focus on
equal opportunity employment created a wider range of options and
advancement for women in business and public service.
How did the African American struggle for equality become a mass movement?
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
o
Opposition to ______________ v. ________________ (separate but equal)
o
____________ v. _________ of Education (desegregation of schools)
o
Martin Luther King, Jr. (_______________ resistance against segregated facilities; “I have a
dream…” speech)
o
Rosa Parks (___________________ bus boycott)
o
Organized protests, ____________Riders, sit-ins, marches
o
Expansion of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (______________)
o
________ ___________ Act of 1964
o
Voting Rights Act of _________