Chapter 14 Ground Water Study Guide
Zone of
saturation
Sinkholes and
lost rivers
Artesian spring
Bottom of well
Groundwater
used faster than
replaced
surface
deserts
To water level in
well
Soil is saturated
and rainfall is
greater than need
geysers
1. Hillside springs occur on a hillside where the water table meets the _________________.
2. The distance between the ground surface and the water table would be the greatest in
________________________
3. Old Faithful is an example of a _________________________________
4. The water table is located at the top of the _____________________________________
5. What would you expect to find in a region with karst topography? ________________
and ____________________________.
6. Salt water from the ocean may seep into the groundwater in coastal areas if
________________________________________________
7. During a dry spell, the distance from the _________________ to the _______________
will decrease.
8. A moisture surplus can best be described as ____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9. The hardest water is most likely to be found in a region with _______________________
Uncemented
sand
depleted
Percentage of
volume that is
pore space
Zone of
saturation
aquifers
limestone
silt
Groundwater
removal
cobbles
Mineral
deposits
10. _________________________________ can cause subsidence.
11. _________________________ has very low permeability.
12. _________________________ and _______________ would make the best aquifer.
13. _____________________________forms when groundwater that contains dissolved
minerals cools or evaporates.
14. Permeable layers of rock and sediment that store and carry groundwater to wells are
called ____________________________________
15. Porosity can be defined as __________________________________________________
16. In what type of bedrock would you most expect to find caverns? ___________________
17. A water deficit occurs when the need for moisture is greater than rainfall and water
storage is _________________________________.
18. The area immediately below the water table is the ____________________________
geysers
Water table will
drop
Water table
precipitation
Very small pore
spaces
carbonate
deposits
formed by
dripping water
Sources of fresh
water
evaporation
gravity
Direction of
movement
Average
elevation of
permanent snow
They can connect
directly to the
water table
limestone
19. Most water leaves the ocean through evaporation and returns to the ocean through
____________________________________________________
20. Rivers, springs, and aquifers are all ______________________________________
21. Water moves more slowly through clay than humus because clay has
_____________________________
22. The three wells shown provide water for a growing city. What is the most likely effect on
the system if six new wells are brought into production as the population increases?
________________________________________________________________________
23. A slight increase in the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth will cause an
immediate increase in ______________________________________
24. During droughts, lack of rain can lead to wells drying up. This is because the drought has
lowered the ____________________________
25. Ocean → Evaporation → Condensation  ? What would come next in the water cycle?
______________________________________
26. Sinkholes associated with natural processes are characteristic of what type of bedrock?
___________________________
27. In karst regions, caves are carved by the flow of water through limestone bedrock. How
do the stalagmites and stalactites in the caves develop?
______________________________________________________________________________
28. What can result when underground water is heated by hot igneous rock? _____________
29. According to the above diagram, the water supply will be most consistent in
well number ________
30.
31.
32. The picture above shows that one of the main pollution problems associated with
sinkholes is that ____________________________________________________
33. This picture shows a simple well that was dug down to the groundwater. What probably
caused the lower level of groundwater, known as a “cone of depression,” around the
well?
F The weight of the atmosphere presses down on the groundwater in the well.
G The ground below the well acts as a vacuum sucking out the water.
H Gravity pulls down the water beneath the well.
J As water is drawn from the well, it takes time for the groundwater to percolate through the soil
and restore the level.
34. A glacier moves under the force of
A. Mass
B. Momemtum
C. Compaction
D. Gravity
35. What is the snow line?
A. Lowest elevation at which snow falls
B. Lowest elevation of permanent snow in winter
C. Lowest elevation of permanent snow in summer
D. Average elevation of permanent snow
36. Striations provide an indication of a glacier’s
A. Direction of movement
B. Rate of melting
C. Depth
D. age