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SOL REVIEW PACKET:
World History I
1.
Homo Sapiens first emerged on what continent? How many years ago?
2.
Early hunter-gatherers depended on wild plants and animal life and were sometimes forced to migrate to new locations for food. This
made them what type of people?
3.
What were some key characteristics of societies of the Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)?
4.
What were some of the major characteristics of the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age)?
5.
What is carbon dating?
6.
What site in England was begun in the Neolithic Age but finished in the Bronze Age?
7.
Why were rivers important to the development civilization?
8.
What civilization emerged in the Nile River Valley and Delta?
9.
The valleys of what two rivers served as the home to Mesopotamian civilization?
10. Indian civilization first emerged in what river valley?
11. Chinese civilization first emerged in what river valley?
12. Where did the Phoenicians settle?
13. What is a city-state?
14. What was the first written law code (Hint: It was created by a Babylonian ruler)?
15. Because of agricultural surpluses, certain people were able to engage in tasks and jobs other than farming. What was this change in
society called?
16. Which group of people were the first to practice monotheism?
17. Who is Abraham and why is he important?
18. Who was Moses and why is he important?
19. What are the holy book and holy guidelines of Judaism?
20. What was the Exodus and the Diaspora as it related to early Jewish history?
21. What is the name of the earliest written symbols, where pictures would represent ideas?
22. What was the form of writing in Egyptian civilization?
23. What was the form of writing in Sumer?
24. What were the key characteristics of the Persian rule and government?
25. What was the official religion of Persia? What were its key beliefs?
26. What physical and geographical barriers made invasion of India very difficult?
27. What group of people were eventually able to invade India? How did they get there?
28. What are the key characteristics and beliefs of Hinduism?
29. What is reincarnation?
30. Explain the concept of Karma.
31. What are the sacred writings of Hinduism? (Two texts)
32. Who founded Buddhism? Where was it founded?
33. What are the Four Noble Truths?
34. What is the Eightfold Path? Identify the eight steps.
35. Explain the key characteristics and beliefs of Confucianism.
36. Explain the key characteristics and beliefs of Taoism (Daoism).
37. What is the Great Wall? Who was responsible for its construction?
38. What idea was used by Chinese rulers to justify their rule?
39. What geographical term is used to describe the location of Greece?
40. How did the mountainous terrain on the Greek peninsula affect its growth and unity?
41. What was the purpose of the Greek gods and goddesses? What things did Greek mythology explain?
42. The following deities were gods of what? (Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Aphrodite)
43. Which city-state developed the most democratic system of government in history?
44. Which groups of people had no political rights in Ancient Greece? What people were considered citizens in Ancient Greece?
45. Who was Draco and why was he important?
46. Who was Solon and why was he important?
47. Sparta had what form of government? Which means what?
48. What were the major qualities and values of Spartan society?
49. What wars were fought by the Greeks from 499-449BC that united Athens and Sparta?
50. What was the Battle of Marathon and why was it important?
51. What was the Battle of Salamis and why is it important?
52. What war lasted from 431-404BC and pitted Sparta against Athens?
53. Athens led what military alliance?
54. Sparta led what military alliance? Who won the conflict?
55. What individual led Athens during its Golden Age? What were his major achievements?
56. What is the Parthenon?
57. What poet spoke of the Trojan Wars? What are his epic poems called?
58. What were the three types of Greek columns and what were their major characteristics?
59. Who was Hippocrates and why was he important?
60. Who was Euclid and why was he important?
61. Who was Pythagoras and why was he important?
62. Who were the three major philosophers and what were their major contributions?
63. What individual was responsible for conquering Greece? Where was he from?
64. Who adopted Greek culture and spread Hellenistic influences throughout this vast empire?
65. What was the Hellenistic Age and why was it important?
66. What geographical features protected Rome and the Italian peninsula?
67. What was the early form of government in Rome (after the Etruscan kings were deposed)?
68. Who were the Patricians?
69. Who were the Plebeians?
70. Roman law was written down and called what?
71. What city in North Africa came into conflict with Rome over control of trade? What were the series of wars known as?
72. Who was Hannibal and why was he important?
73. Who won the Punic Wars and what happened to Carthage as a result? to Rome?
74. Who was Julius Caesar and why was he important?
75. Who was Augustus Caesar and why was he important?
76. What was the Pax Romana?
77. Who began the teachings that eventually evolved into Christianity?
78. How did Christian beliefs conflict with Roman Mythology?
79. What are the characteristics, beliefs, and traditions of Christianity?
80. Who were the Apostles, and why is Paul important?
81. Who adopted and legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire?
82. Why were Roman roads and aqueducts important?
83. Who is Virgil and why was he important?
84. What two EXTERNAL factors caused the decline of the Roman Empire?
85. Who moved the capital of the Empire from Rome to Byzantium? What did he rename the city?
86. Why was Constantinople’s location important to the Byzantine Empire?
87. Who codified old Roman law for use by the Byzantine Empire? What was its name?
88. What is the name of religious images used by Greek Orthodox Christians in worship?
89. What was the name of the Byzantine domed church in Constantinople? What type of elaborate artwork did it feature inside?
90. How did Greek and Roman culture survive in the Byzantine Empire?
91. What were the key characteristics of the Eastern Christian Church (Greek Orthodoxy)?
92. What were the key characteristics of the Western Christian Church (Roman Catholicism)?
93. Why was there a division between the Eastern and Western branches of Christianity?
94. What led to interaction between Byzantines and the Slavs in Russia?
95. The Slavic oral languages were adapted to the Greek alphabet by who? What was it called?
96. Who founded Islam?
97. In what geographic region was Islam founded? What two key religious cities are there?
98. What are the key characteristics, beliefs, and traditions of Islam?
99. Identify each of the Five Pillars of Islam.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
100. What is the holy book of Islam?
101. What was the main way by which Islam spread?
102. Islam is divided into what two branches? Which is more common today?
103. What happened at the Battle of Tours and why was it important?
104. What mathematical achievements are attributed to the Muslim Empire?
105. What became the unifying force in Western Europe during the Middle Ages? Led by who?
106. How did the Roman Catholic Church exercise influence during the Middle Ages?
107. What was a medieval manor and how did it work?
108. Who was anointed as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 800 AD?
109. What two religious traditions coexisted in Japan?
110. What are the key beliefs and traditions of Shinto?
111. What were the key characteristics of Axum (East Africa)?
112. What were the important characteristics of Zimbabwe (Southern Africa)?
113. What were the characteristics of the West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai?
Ghana
Mali
Songhai
114. What were the characteristics of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilization (Central + South America)?
Maya
Aztec
Inca
115. Who led the Norman Conquest and united most of England?
116. King John limited his power and the power of future kings when he signed what? When did he sign this document?
117. What conflict with France united England as a nation?
118. Who was Joan of Arc and why was she important?
119. Who were Ferdinand and Isabella and what three major things did they do?
120. Who was Ivan the Great and why was he important?
121. What were the Crusades and why were they carried out?
122. What were the major effects of the Crusades?
123. Who were the Mongols, and to where did they extend their empire? Name two khanates created by the Mongols.
124. What group invaded and conquered the Byzantine Empire? When did this happen? (Hint: Think fall of Constantinople!)
125. What was the impact of the Black Death on economic and social institutions?
126. What were the benefits to the geographic location of the Northern Italian city-states of Florence, Venice, and Genoa?
127. Who is Machiavelli and why was he important? What is the Prince?
128. Medieval art and literature focused on what?
129. Renaissance art and literature focused on what?
130. Who were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, and for what was each famous?
Da Vinci
Michelangelo
Who was he?
What works is he
famous for?
131. What is humanism, and why was it important to the Renaissance?
132. What invention helped disseminate ideas? Who created it? How did it impact the Catholic church?
133. Who was Erasmus and why was he important?
134. Who was Sir Thomas More and why was he important?
Raphael