BELLRINGER: 3/30 + 3/31
• 1. Pick up the papers by the door.
• 2. Make the following ToC updates:
▫ Page #126: Notes: Crusades
▫ Page #127: SAC Evidence Sheet
▫ Page 128: SAC Exit Ticket
• 3. Write down your HW:
▫ Read pages 356-361 in your textbook.
▫ Study for your Nation-States and Middle Ages quiz
NEXT CLASS!
• 4. Discuss the following question with the people around
you: “Can something be both a success and a failure at
the same time? Explain and provide examples.”
AGENDA: 3/30 + 3/31
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1. Bellringer
2. Notes: The Crusades
3. SAC: Crusades + Terrorism
4. Glossary Work Time
The Crusades
The Crusades
History’s Most
Successful
FAILURE
Background on the Crusades:
• During Middle Ages the
Catholic Church had risen
in power
▫ Christianity rises in Europe!
• After the fall of Rome, the
Eastern portion of the
Empire became known as
the Byzantine Empire
Background on the Crusades:
• Many were uncertain where
life would lead them
• Many tragic events 
people start to need to
believe in a higher power
▫ For Europeans = this
becomes God/the
Catholic Church
Causes of the Crusades:
• Jerusalem  holy land for
Christians
▫ Many come to visit
(pilgrimages)
• The Seljuk Turks (Muslims)
controlled Christian Holy Land
▫ Problem comes up! The amount
of visitors grew too much that the
Turks began not allowing visitors
• Fear of growing Muslim
“empire”
▫ It was also believed that the
increase in Muslim power would
threaten the Byzantine Capital of
Constantinople
Jerusalem
•
The Crusades Begin
• 1093: Byzantine Emperor
needs help to save
Constantinople from Turks
▫ He asks Catholic Church for help
• 1095: Pope Urban II issues a
call for a “holy” war or
Crusade
▫ GOAL of Crusade: capture the
Holy land (Palestine) back from
Muslims
▫ Pope assured that those that die
in Crusade will have a place in
Heaven
The First Crusade: 1096-1099
• Crusaders move into the eastern
Mediterranean and capture Jerusalem
▫ SUCCESS – at first  by 1187, Jerusalem falls back
to Muslim rule
The Second Crusade: 1147-1149
• Less successful than First Crusade
• Crusaders fail to capture cities in the Holy
Land
The Third Crusade: 1189-1192
• Crusaders led by Richard the Lionhearted - King of
England
▫ Conflict between Muslims and Crusaders lasts nearly 5 years
▫ Despite war, eventually they came to a truce with Saladin,
leader of Muslims
 Christians (unarmed) = allowed in Jerusalem
The Last Crusades
• There were about 7-8 total Crusades led by
Christians against Muslims in the Holy Land
▫ The First and Third = most well-known
• The next 4 were unsuccessful in
recapturing Jerusalem. But they are known
for other things.
Children’s Crusade 1212
• From the Rhineland
(Germany) to Italy
• 20,000 – 30,000
children (+women,
the elderly) went
▫ Most died of disease,
starvation and others
were sold to slavery
The Inquisition (“Spanish Crusades”)
• GOAL of Inquisition: Kick Muslims/all
non-Catholics out of Spain
 Called the Reconquista (reconquering of Spain for
Catholicism)
 In essence, taking it back for the
Catholics
 Inquisition developed a judicial
court used to suppress heresy
(anyone different from teachings
of Church)
 Like a witch hunt against those not
Christians
Why did the Crusades fail?
• After the 1st attempt, each attempt was
weaker with less emphasis on winning
▫ Becomes about destruction, devastation of the
people living in the Holy Land
• War becomes a source of profit
▫ A way for some to make money and get goods
▫ Continue the Crusades? Make more profit
• Stealing from Byzantine and Islamic civilizations
Effects of Crusades
• Showed power of Catholic Church
• Increased trading between East and West
Leads to cultural diffusion
Helps businesses grow, merchant class rises
• Contributes to increased global trade (the
Commercial Revolution)
• Religious divides are enhanced
▫ Muslim bitterness and hatred toward Christians
• Constantinople (Istanbul) eventually falls to
Ottoman Turks
▫ Because the Byzantine Empire is weakened by the
constant conflict caused by the Crusades
Effects of Crusades: How will
increased trading effect society?
 More $$ available
 Merchants get increased
power taxes increase to king
 King no longer need to give land for
loyalty, instead can give money
 Growth of cities
 Move back to cities to trade