Warm UP

Identify the following topics in your own words
– Alfred Kinsey
– Sexual Response Cycle
– Extrinsic Motivation
– Industrial Psychology
– Theory x
– Impotence
Chapter 13 Emotion pt. 1: Facial
Expressions and Theories of Emotions
Emotion is Multifaceted
 Emotion
refers to the mix of:
1. Physiological Arousal
2. Expressive Behaviors (how
you react to the physiological
arousal)
3. Conscious Experience (how
you cognitively interpret
environment)
 No
Facial Expressions Are
Universal
matter what part of the world you are
from, facial expressions indicating 6 basic
emotions tend to be universal.
Facial Expressions Are
Universal
The six universal emotions are:
1. Happiness
2. Anger
3. Surprise
4. Sadness
5. Fear
6. Disgust

Context Affects Interpretation
of Facial Expressions
 Because
of the
context, many
interpret the bottom
monster as fearful
while seeing the top
monster as angry
even though they
have the same
facial expression.
Cultural Differences In Emotion
Expression
 Although
the facial language is universal
worldwide, cultures differ in how much
emotion they express.
 Western cultures like North America often
have intense, prolonged emotional displays
while some Eastern cultures like Japan often
hide their emotions, especially when the
emotion is negative.
 Why?
Effects of Facial Expressions
 Do
we smile because we are
happy, or are we happy
because we smile?
 There is an interplay between
the emotion and our
expression of it. The muscle
contractions associated with
emotions tend to amplify that
emotion.Facial Expression
Exercise
 The
Theories of Emotion
theories of emotion deal with the interplay
between your experience of the emotion and
your body’s physiological response, looks to
answer questions like:
 Does
your heart pound because you are
afraid...or are you afraid because you
feel your heart pounding?
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
 The
James-Lange theory would argue you feel
fear because your heart is pounding.
 The James-Lange theory argues that our
experience of emotion is our awareness of our
physiological responses to emotion-arousing
stimuli.
James-Lange Theory of
Emotion
?
Sight of
oncoming
car
(perception of
stimulus)
Pounding
heart
(arousal)
Fear
(emotion)
Cannon-Bard Theory Of
Emotion
 Cannon
and Bard would NOT argue that
feeling of fear causes your heart to pound
NOR that your heart pounding causes the
feeling of fear; they believe each occur
simultaneously.
 Cannon-Bard Theory: theory that an emotion
arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers
physiological responses AND the subjective
experience of emotion.
Cannon-Bard Theory of
Emotion
Pounding
heart
(arousal)
Sight of
oncoming
car
(perception of
stimulus)
Fear
(emotion)
Applying the Theories
 Assuming
someone had an injury in which they
were unable to feel any bodily sensations, how
would this affect emotional responses
according to the two theories?
Schacter’s Two Factor Theory
of Emotion Brings Cognition In
Schacter criticized the Cannon-Bard theory by
arguing that we don’t automatically know when
we are happy, angry, jealous, etc. We use
situational cues to label our physical arousal.
 Schacter Two Factor Theory: argues that to
experience an emotion one must be physically
aroused AND we must cognitively label the
arousal.
 CONTEXT MATTERS!!

Schacter’s Two Factor Theory
Pounding
heart
(arousal)
Sight of
oncoming
car
(perception of
stimulus)
Fear
(emotion)
Cognitive
label
“I’m afraid”
Must Cognition Precede all Emotions?
 Because
some
pathways, especially
ones involving
amygdala (fear),
bypass cortical areas
involved in thinking.
 But certain likes,
dislikes, and fears do
ignore conscious
thinking.
Two Routes to Emotion
Physiological
activation
Appraisal
Emotional
response
Event
Expressive
behavior
Subjective
experience
Two Dimensions of Emotion
Are Valence and Arousal
1. Valence refers to the level of pleasantness
of the emotion.
2. Arousal refers to how much the emotion
physically activates the body.
 Different levels of valence and arousal lead
to different levels of emotion.
 Cognitive interpretations also effect how
these dimensions work.
Two Dimensions of Emotion
Positive
valence
pleasant
relaxation
joy
Low
arousal
High
arousal
fear
anger
sadness
Negative
valence
Quick Write
 Christine is holding her 8 month-old baby when
a fierce dog appears out of nowhere and, with
teeth bared, leaps for the baby’s face.
Christine immediately ducks for cover to
protect the baby, screams at the dog, then
notices that her heart is banging and that she’s
broken out in a cold sweat.
 How would the James-Lange, Cannon-Bard,
and Two-Factor Theories explain Christine’s
reaction?