Bell Ringer

 What was the name of the old lady being accused of
witch craft?
 Was she innocent or guilty
 Guilty……
Agenda/Objectives

 Dutch prosper and they are tolerant???
 Absolutism in Europe
 Russian Czars become absolute rulers:

- Ivan the Terrible

- Peter the Great
 Video: Biography of Ivan the Terrible
 Westernizing Russia
 Video: St. Petersburg
The Independent Dutch
Prosper

 United Provinces of Netherlands differed than the
rest of Europe:
 - Religious tolerance
 - Republic not a kingdom
 * Each province had an elected governor, whose
power depended upon merchants and landholders.
Dutch Trading Empire

 1636 – Dutch had the largest fleet in the world –
around 4,800 ships.
 Stability of government allowed people to focus on
economic growth.
 Merchants used other poor countries to benefit.
Dutch Trading Empire

 Dutch merchants brought Scandinavian lumber to
Spain and other countries struggling.
Absolutism in Europe

 Absolute Monarchs – kings or queens who believed
that all power within their state’s boundaries rested
in their hands.
 Divine Right – God created the monarchy and that
the monarch acted as God’s representative on earth.
 These ideas are not new to the 1600s but grew
increasingly popular.
Growing power of
Europe’s Monarchs

 Emerging from the Middle Ages led to the decline of
the Feudal system.
 Rise of cities and growth of national kingdom helped
to centralize authority.
Growing power of
Europe’s Monarchs

 Middle class typically back monarch.
 Why?
 - promise peaceful supportive climate for business.
 Church also lost power in the….? Reformation
 - Monarchs gained more power.
Crisis Leads to
Absolutism

 17th Century – Religious and territorial conflicts led
to continuous warfare.
 - State’s built large armies
 - Raised taxes
 Revolts because of taxes.
 - Monarch’s responded by increasing their power.
Monarch’s goal

 Free themselves from any limitations that nobility
and parliaments.
 - Most successful Louis XIV of France
Religious wars create a
crisis

 What happened between the Catholics and
Huguenots?
 - St. Bartholomew’s Day masacre
Henry of Navarre

 Huguenot survived the massacred.
 Inherited the throne after Catherine and her last son
died.
 Became Henry IV.
Henry of Navarre

 Many Catholics opposed him.
 Henry converted to Catholicism.
 1598 – Established the Edict of Nantes
Edict of Nantes

 Read the article.
 What was the Edict of Nantes?
Edict of Nantes

 Declaration of Religious freedom.
 Henry dedicated his reign to restoring France’s
prosperity.
 1610 – Some people hated his religious tolerance and
he was stabbed to death by a fanatic.

 http://www.jcsgroup.com/once/war1095/1598edict.html