Government/Economics
Explorers
Economic Choice—The thing that you choose.
Christopher Columbus—
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Opportunity Cost—The thing you give up in a decision.
Sponsored by Spain
Found the continent of North America
while trying to sail to Asia.
Sailed to find a new westward sea
route to Asia and claim lands for
Spain.
In 1492 he landed in San Salvador in
the Americas.
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Sent by Spain in 1513.
Sent to claim lands for Spain.
Sailed from Puerto Rico and landed in
St. Augustine, Florida.
First European to land in Florida.
Jacques Cartier—
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Scarcity—Not a lot of something.
Surplus—Having more than needed of something.
Demand—A big want for something.
Barter—Trading/exchanging something for something else you want.
Juan Ponce De Leon—
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-Economic decision making requires comparing both the opportunity cost
and the monetary (money) cost.
Community—A place where people live, work, and play.
-Any person born in the United States is a citizen of the United States.
Basic Principles—life, liberty, pursuit of happiness, and equality under
the law.
-United States government is a representative democracy.
Sponsored by France in 1535.
Sailed from France to the St. Lawrence
River near Quebec Canada.
Wanted to find the North West
passage waterway and claim lands for
France.
Purpose of government—make laws, carry out laws, and decide if laws
have been broken.
Diversity—People from all over have come to live in the United States,
bringing their clothes, music, and food.
Holidays
Christopher Newport--
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Sent by England in 1606-1607
Sailed to Virginia and helped establish
a settlement in Jamestown.
Sailed to discover riches, find a
western sea route to Asia, and
colonize Virginia.
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Veterans Day—celebrated in November, honors all those who
have served in the armed forces.
Memorial Day—celebrated in May, honors all those who have
died serving the armed forces.
Thanksgiving Day—Celebrated in November.
Martin Luther King Jr. Day—Celebrated in January.
President’s Day—Washington and Lincoln; February.
Independence Day—Celebrated on July 4th.
Columbus Day—Celebrated in October.
St. Lawrence River,
near Quebec, Canada
Jacques Cartier
Newport News,
Virginia
England
France
Christopher Newport
St. Augustine, Florida
Juan Ponce De Leon
San Salvador/Bahamas
Christopher Columbus
Spain
Famous Americans
Resources
George Washington—First President, birthday celebrated in
February.
Human Resources—People working to
produce goods and services.
Rosa Parks—Fought for equal rights for African Americans,
refused to give up her seat to a white person and resulted in the
Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Natural Resources—Resources that come
from nature.
Capital Resources—Are goods made by
people and used to produce other goods and
services.
Cesar Chavez—Mexican American farm worker who led peaceful
protests for fair wages and better working conditions for other
Mexican-American farm workers.
-Virginia is known for coal mining and ship
building.
Thurgood Marshall—First African American Supreme Court
Justice, fought for equal rights for all African Americans.
Pocahontas—American Indian girl of the Powhatan Tribe who
helped the new colonists of Jamestown.
Map Skills
George Washington Carver—Invented over 300 uses for
peanuts, was a scientist and helped farmers by introducing them
to crop rotation.
-Earth is in the shape of a sphere.
-A map is a flat picture of the earth.
Helen Keller—Was both deaf and blind, she later became an
author and is known for overcoming adversity.
-There are 7 continents: North America, South
America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, Asia, and
Europe.
Abraham Lincoln—Was the 16th president and helped abolish
(end) slavery. Birthday celebrated in February.
-There are 5 major oceans: Indian, Pacific,
Atlantic, Southern, and Arctic.
Martin Luther King Jr.—Fought for equal rights for African
Americans, led peaceful protests, and gave the “I Have a Dream”
speech. Remembered on January 17th.
-The Atlantic Ocean is closest to Virginia.
-Two imaginary lines called the equator and the
prime meridian divide the earth into four
hemispheres. Equator—Northern and Southern
hemispheres. Prime Meridian—Eastern and
Western hemispheres.
Thomas Jefferson—Was our 3rd president, a founding father
and also wrote the Declaration of Independence.
Betsy Ross—Is known for making the first American Flag.
- A compose rose tells direction.
Benjamin Franklin—Proved lightening was electricity, invented
the bifocal glasses and the Franklin stove.
-A map legend or key tells where things are on a
map.
Jackie Robinson—First African American to play major league
baseball and played for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Susan B. Anthony—Fought for equal rights for women and
wanted voting rights for women.
Prime Meridian
Eleanor Roosevelt-- Worked through United Nations for fair
treatment of others.
North
Arctic Ocean
Europe
North America
Atlantic
Ocean
Asia
Pacific Ocean
Africa
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
East
Equator
South America
Australia
Southern Ocean
West
South
Greece
Rome
-Located on the continent of Europe
-Located on the continent of Europe
-Lots of mountains and dry rocky soil.
Peninsula—Land surrounded by water on 3 sides.
-Farmers grew crops on hillsides.
-Olives and grapes were grown in Greece.
-Shaped like a boot and extends into the
Mediterranean Sea.
-Greek structures had columns.
-Built the city around the Tiber River.
-The Agora is an outdoor market or meeting place.
-Has mountains and is rocky, but is less rocky than
Greece.
-Athens is the capital city of present day Greece.
-Acropolis was the center of religion.
-Grew olives, grapes, figs, peas, barley, and wheat.
-Had livestock such as sheep and cattle.
-The Parthenon was built on the city’s acropolis. It
is a marble temple that celebrated Greek victories
in wars and honored the goddess Athena.
-The Olympics started in Greece.
-Is known for building Roads.
-Famous for making mosaics.
Economic Interdependence—When two or more
groups depend on one another for goods and
services.
-Had a Direct Democracy.
-Republic form of government
Rome
Greece
Tiber River
X
Parthenon
in Greece
Rome
Aqueducts built by
Romans to carry water.
Coliseum
in Rome
Mediterranean
Sea
Egypt
Mali
-Located on the continent of Africa
-Located on the continent of Africa
Egypt
-The Atlantic Ocean is closest to Mali
-Mali is in the western region of Africa
-Architecture is pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx.
-The banks for the Nile River flood which makes
really good farmland right beside the river.
Mali
Griots—African storytellers, that’s how we know Atlantic
most of Mali’s history.
Ocean
-Egyptians invented papyrus paper, and the 365
day calendar.
-Was ruled by powerful kings.
-Climate is hot and dry and very little rain.
-Sundiata was a king in Mali, his name means Lion
King.
-Egyptian ruler is called a Pharaoh.
-People traveled across the trade routes to trade
salt and gold.
Sphinx
-Salt was used to preserve food in the high desert
temperatures.
-Timbuktu was an important city in Mali—it was
important to trading.
- When a Pharaoh dies the Egyptians would wrap
them in linens and turn them into mummies. They
were put in a coffin or sarcophagus.
-Egypt’s written language is hieroglyphics.
Pyramids
Nile River
-Timbuktu has a large library filled with Greek and
Roman books.
Hieroglyphics
-Irrigation was used to help provide water to the
crops.
-Physical characteristics included: rivers, deserts,
salt mines and gold mines.
-Three important natural resources were: salt, gold,
and water.
China
-Located on the continent of Asia
Oasis—a place in a desert that has water from an
underground spring.
-The Great Wall of China is located here.
-The Niger River and Lake Chad were important
bodies of water.
-Chinese were farmers, fisherman, and irrigated
the land.
-Africa’s second longest river is the Congo River.
-Climate in China is 4 seasons, just like here in
Virginia.
-Mansa Musa encouraged knowledge and
education throughout his empire.
-Chinese ruler is called an Emperor
-Today storytelling lives on in much of the popular
music of Africa.
Abacus
-Huange-He/ Yellow River is important to China
-Characters are the Chinese written language.
Characters
-Inventions: kite, magnetic compass, bronze,
abacus, fireworks, silk.
Great Wall of China
Adobe houses
Pueblo Indians
Lakota Indians
-Lived in clay houses called adobes
-Lived in teepees because they were easier to put
up and take down. Had to move around a lot to
follow the buffalo.
-Lived in the Southwest region of the United States
-The Southwest is mainly desert with little plants
and trees. Very few animals live there.
-Were farmers, grew many crops, but their main
crop was corn.
-Because of very little rainfall in the Southwest, the
pueblos invented irrigation.
Irrigation—when you dig ditches to help water flow
to fields on farms.
-Contributions of the pueblo Indians were: pottery
and weaving. They wove cotton into clothing and
rugs.
Pueblo
Teepees
-Hunted buffalo, this was their main source of food.
They used every part of the buffalo for food, tools,
and clothing.
-Rode horses for transportation, horses also helped
them hunt the buffalo.
-Lived in the Great Plains of North America.
-The Great Plains are very flat and filled with lots of
grass that the buffalo eat.
Lakota
Powhatan
Powhatan Indians
-Lived in the Eastern Woodlands of North America.
-Lived in Virginia.
-Longhouse is the type of house they lived in. This
house was made of logs.
-Many wore animal skins for clothing.
-Fished and hunted for food.
-Used canoes to get from place to place. This was
an easy way to travel because they lived near
streams and rivers.
Longhouse