Habitats/Adaptations
Habitat—Place where plants and animals can
live and survive.
Behavioral Adaptation—How something acts.
Physical Adaptation—How something looks.
Hibernation—When an animal sleeps for the
winter.
Dormancy—When a plant “sleeps” for the
winter.
Migration—When animals travel to another
place to find shelter or food.
Camouflage—Helps an animal blend into its
surroundings.
Mimicry—When a plant or animals acts or
looks like another of its kind to protect itself.
Habitats:
 Water Related Environments
o Pond
o Marshland
o Swamp
o River
o Ocean

Dry Land Environments
o Desert
o Grassland
o Rainforest
o Forest
Aquatic food chain
Instinct—Something you are born with/knowing
how to do.
Learned Behavior—Something you are taught.
Not born knowing.
Producer—Makes own food.
Terrestrial food chain
Consumer—Something that eats another thing.
Decomposer—breaks down dead organisms.
Herbivore—Eats only plants
Carnivore—Eats only meat
Omnivore—Eats both plants and animals.
Predator—the hunter
Prey—the hunted
Matter
Scavenger—eats animals that have been
skilled by other animals for food.

Sun is the beginning of all food chains.



Everything is made of one or more
materials that can be described by
their physical properties.
A physical property is what they look
like.
Materials/things are composed (made
up) of parts that are too small to be
seen without magnification.
Physical properties remain the same
as the material is reduced in size.
Soil
Sources of Energy
Weathering—The process by which rocks are
broken down into small grains and soil.
Weathering can happen through rainfall, ice
formation, or the action of living things, such as
algae and plant roots.
Sunlight—produces light and heat energy—is renewable
Erosion— the wearing away by water, glaciers,
wind, waves, etc.
Wind--renewable
Humus—Decayed plants and animal matter
that provides nutrients to the soil. Is part of the
topsoil layer of soil and is not a layer of its own.
Water--renewable
Wood—non-renewable
Fossil Fuels—non-renewable—fuels that come from nature: Natural gas, coal, oil
Renewable Resource—can be used over and over again.
Non-Renewable Resource—cannot be reused
-The kind of soil formed depends on the kind of
rock that weathers.
-Clay is a type of soil that holds water very well,
where sand is a type of soil that does not hold
water well.
-Soil is a natural resource that needs to be
conserved (saved).
Topsoil—Top layer of soil and is a natural
product of bedrock and subsoil. Earthworms,
humus, and plant roots are usually found here.
Subsoil—Is the “middle” layer of soil, has some
rocks.
Bedrock—The bottom layer of soil and is made
up of mostly solid rock.
-Small spaces in the soil hold nutrients, water
and air that plants need to grow.
-Soil helps plants by providing both nutrients
and support.
Topsoil
Subsoil
Bedrock
Simple Machines
Force—Push or pull that causes something to move.
Types of Force: Wind, water, windup, gravity, magnetic, electricity, push
and pull.
Mass—the amount of matter that makes up an object.
Weight—the measure that tells how much gravity pulls on an object.
Gravity—the force that pulls things towards earths center.
Work—the act of movement.
Simple Machine—a machine used to help make work easier.
Types of Simple Machines—
Wheel and Axle:
Cycles
The Moon Cycle









The moon is made of rock
The earth has one moon
Orbit means to go in a path of revolution
The moon revolves around the earth.
The moon has 8 phases
In moon phases—“Waxing” means getting bigger.
In moon phases—“Waning” means getting smaller.
The moon is illuminated by the light of the sun.
It takes one month for the moon to revolve around the earth.
The Tide Cycle


Tides are caused by the
gravity of the moon
There are 2 high tides and
2 low tides each day
The Water Cycle

Example of animal life cycle





Processes involved in the water
cycle
o Evaporation
o Condensation
o Precipitation
Also know run off and ground water
We need to conserve water
o Conserve means to use
wisely
Heat from the sun drives the water
cycle
Water is essential/important for all
living things
The following diagram:
Example of plant life cycle
The Sun
Condensation
Precipitation
Evaporation






Other Cycle Info.
Earth is tilted
We have four seasons
o Summer
o Fall
o Winter
o Spring
A cycle is a natural event that happens over and over again
It takes the Earth 365 days to revolve around the sun
We have 4 seasons because of the tilt of the Earth’s axis
The Earth’s rotation on its axis every 24 hours causes day and night