NAME : USMAN RAFIQUE
SUPERVISOR: Prof Rikku Jänttii
Usman Rafique
• Mesh Networks
• Routing Protocols in Mesh /
ADHOC networks
• Limitations of Mesh Networks
• Proposed modification
Contents
• Implementation Aspects
• Simulation Aspects
• Conclusion
• Future Directions
Usman Rafique
Mesh Networks
• Future Wireless Network Architecture
• Hot Research Area
DIGITAL CLOUD
0100101010
Usman Rafique
Routing In Mesh Networks
• Pro active Protocols
• Reactive Protocols
• AODV protocol
01010
Nodes are Routers
01010
Usman Rafique
Mesh Networks Limitations
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Energy supply
Security
Service discovery
Congestion and quality of service
Current research focusing on these limitations
Focus of this thesis is intelligent routing attacking battery life
saving
Usman Rafique
Proposed modification
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Restrict to Layer 3
Cross layer solution is optimal
Routing protocol modifications
Send traffic to robust routes
Sense network energy at traffic source
Usman Rafique
Implementation Aspects
• Test bed comprised of Laptops and PDAs
• Open Source Linux reference solutions
• Lifetime estimation from instantanous bettery and traffic
predictoins
• Network energy sensing: Incorporated in route establishment
procedure
• Nodes tell their life in signaling phase
Usman Rafique
Node Life Calculation Model
Implementation
ETotal
Life time
Packets format changes
=
0
1
2
3
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+++++++
| Type
|J|R|G| Reserved
| Hop Count
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Flooding ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Destination IP Address
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Destination Sequence Number
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Source IP Address
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Source Sequence Number
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Type
ФTxPTx + ФTxPRx + PCPU
Where
ФTx= Transmitted traffic
PTx= Transmitter power
ФRx= Received traffic
PRx= Received Power
PCPU= CPU power consumption
E_Total= Total Energy Of battery left
| Length | Node Lifetime|
RREQ packet
Routing Table Updation Changes
Type = RREQ_EXT
if (fwd_rt->flags & RT_INV_SEQNO ||
rrep_seqno > fwd_rt->dest_seqno ||
(rrep_seqno == fwd_rt->dest_seqno &&
(fwd_rt->state == INVALID ||
fwd_rt->flags & RT_UNIDIR ||
rrep_new_hcnt < fwd_rt->hcnt ||
route_life > fwd_rt->life_um
Usman Rafique
RREQ
Life = 35
RREQ
Life = 45
35
Implementation/Testing
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Traffic source directs traffic to most
robust route possible at route
establishment stage
Device recalcutaes its energy status in
2 sec intervals
Protocol validated and tested on
Laptops and PDAs test bed
On table routes formation method was
developed using iptables and netfilters
in linux
Multihop topologies were tested
Usman Rafique
RREQ
45
RREQ
Life = 45
RREP
Life = 35
40
35
25
RREP
Life = 35
RREP
Life = 25
25
75
RREQ
Life = 25
40
RREP
45
RREQ
Life = 35
RREP
Life = 35
75
RREP
Life = 25
Simulation Aspects
• NS-2 simulator is used
• Ns2: Easy network creation using TCL ecrpting front end
• Open source impolementation with animation and tracing
for analysis features
• C++ is used in back end for performance gain
• Our motivation: Testing protocol is scaled networks
Usman Rafique
Conclusions and Future Directions
Benefits
• Long lasting routes
• Hidden congestion control
• Long operation of nodes
Usman Rafique
Conclusions and Future Directions
Drawbacks
• Longer routes can be formed
• Aggragate power cosumtion (Total network power per route)
may be increased
• Packet delay increases
Future
• Porting the protocol on embedded devices
• Do simulations in ns-2 with taking mobility into account
Usman Rafique
Thank You
Questions are Welcome
Usman Rafique