2004 Economic censuses
MEXICO
Instituto Nacional de Estadística,
Geografía e Informática
(INEGI)
National Institute of Statistics,
Geography and Informatics
2004 Economic censuses
Economic Censuses in Mexico, provide
outstanding information about various
aspects related to fishing, mining,
electricity, gas and water, construction,
manufacturing industry, trade, services
and transportation establishments.
Due to their geographic and thematic
coverage, economic censuses are
considered the most complete and
comprehensive source of economic
information in Mexico.
Background
Economic Censuses History
Since 75 years ago, Mexico has conducted the economic censuses every five years.
The first Economic Census was taken in 1930.
Currently 16 censuses have been achieved, including the 2004 one.
Background
Mexico: a long tradition
Economic
units
3,500,000
3,005,157
2,805,384
3,000,000
2,230,165
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,336,180
1,115,186
1,005,109
1,500,000
799,400
1,000,000
857,871
667,605
501,469
285,563
500,000
48,573
164,136
7,619
55,196
1935
1940
86,459
0
1930
1945
1951
1956
1961
1966
1971
Census project
1976
1981
1986
1989
1994
1999
2004
Information benefits
Economic Censuses are the main source of economic information for the
National Statistical System.
They provide a national economic profile at their sectorial, geographic
and thematic levels.
They show different patterns of specialization and industrial locations, as
well as traditional and new economic activities.
Produce information for statistic frameworks in the sample planning.
In the National Accounts System they help to build the input-output matrix
and also in the updating of the base-year, among others.
Information benefits
They serve as the users's framework for refrence in decision-making.
In the public sector they help in economic planning and its
evaluation.
With this information managers, in different sectors, produce
analisys in order to get information about the market current
situation.
Using census information academic and researchers compare
different hypothesis about the characteristics of the regional,
state and domestic production systems.
Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)
Sectorial Coverage
Primary Activities
Secondary Activities
Tertiary Activities
Criteria of selection of large
establisments & companies
Homologation
Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)
Thematic Coverage
The economic censuses incorporate a total of 1,184 variables.
General thematic (example)
Legal category and kind of
property
Foreign investment
Age of economic unit
Occupied personnel
Wages
Expenditures
Incomes
Inventories
Fixed assets
Vehicle fleet
Brand, patent, commercial
name, etc.
Specific thematic (example)
Fishing equipment
Water sources and destination
Mineral reserves
Passengers and freight transported
Raw materials breakdown
Clients and suppliers
Hotel category
Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)
Questionnaires
23 questionnaires
5 annexes
Basic questionnaire
Rural area questionnaire
Auxiliary establishment questionnaire
Fishing questionnaire
Manufacturing questionnaire
Electricity industry questionnaire
Mining units questionnaire
Construction enterprises questionnaire
Trade and services questionnaire
Education activities questionnaire
Acommodation services questionnaire
Banks and financial institutions questionnaire
Financial and insurance questionnaire
Water supply questionnaire
Oil and gas extraction questionnaire
Petroleum refineries and petrochemical questionnaire
Transit and road transportation of passengers questionnaire
(individuals)
Transit and road tarnsportation of passengers questionnaire
Air transportation questionnaire
Electric transportation questionnaire
Water transportation questionnaire
Rail transportation questionnaire
Transportation and distribution questionnaire
Annex for telephony services
Annex for integral port administration
Annex for postal services
Annex for roads, bridges used by ground transportation
Annex for telegraphic services
Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)
Observation unit
Observation unit refers to the statistic unit for which data is collected.
In most economic activities the constant economic unit used is the
establishment, eventhough in some cases it can be the enterprise.
It includes fixed, partly fixed and household establishments, and
excludes informal trade and those persons who work for own account
without a physical location.
To cover the different ways observation units work, it was necessary
to represent them at different levels.
Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)
Observation unit
Establishment
It is the economic unit that in a single physical location,
permanently placed and delimited by constructions and fixed
facilities, combines actions and resources under the control of
a single proprietary organization or controller
to make
activities of goods production merchandise transaction or
rendering services, either for profit or non for profit.
Enterprise
It is the economic unit that under a single proprietary
organization or controller, combines actions and resources to
make activities of production of goods production,
merchandise transaction or rendering services, either for profit
or non for profit.
The enterprise can be defined at diverse geographic levels:
Country, state or municipality according to are required.
Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)
Geographic coverage
6,673 Localities which where
census object (by complete
"swept")
190,249
Rural localities which
where sample object
Municipal town head
Localities which have 2,500 or more
inhabitants
(urban areas).
Localities which have less than
2,500 inhabitants, located on
industrial estates or industrial parks.
29,957 Localities in sample, in
which case a complete "swept"
is realized.
Thematic Coverage
Legal category and
kind of property
Physical person
Cooperative society
Association or civil society
Profit mercantile societies
Public services and trade
Public administration and defense
Other
Thematic Coverage
Foreign investment
A share exists
No
Yes
Share average
Country of origin
Thematic Coverage
Age of economic unit
Starting year of activities
Worked days
Thematic Coverage
Occupied personnel
Belonging to the company (dependent)
Production workers (Men, women and hours worked)
Administrative employees
(Men, women and hours worked)
Owners, relatives and other non remunerated workers
(Men, women and hours worked)
Not belonging to the company (non dependent)
Personnel supplied by a different company
(Men, women and hours worked)
Personnel by fees (Men, women and hours worked)
Thematic Coverage
Wages
Wages and salaries
Employer contributions
Other social perceptions
Distributed profits
Payments for indemnity or personnel
settlement
Thematic Coverage
Expenditures for the
consumption
of goods and services
Valuation
- Merchandise bought for sale
- Foreign expenses
- Domestic expenses
- Materials consumed for rendering services
- Raw and secondary material consumed
- Fuel and lubricants consumption
- Electricity consumption
Payments for production services (maquila)
- Advertsing
- Communication services
- Packages
- Insurance premiums
- Royalties payments
- Repairs and spare parts for maintenance
Travel allowances
- Sold products shipments
- Commissions on sales
- Other expenses for consumption
Expenses not derived from the activity
- Interests on credits or loans
- Taxes levied on the economic activity
- Specific taxes on products
- Rights.
Thematic Coverage
Income for the provision of
goods and services
Valuation
• Domestic income
• Foreign income
• Net sales of mineral acquired for their sale
• Services rendered
• Net sales of fabricated products
• Income for the rental of real estate, tangible goods,
machinery and equipment
• Income for production services (maquila)
• Income for royalties
• Other
Income not derived from
the activity
Financial
Subsidies
Dues, contributions or donations
Other
Production value
Fabricated products value
Production of constructions and facilities
Production of other fixed assets for own use
Thematic Coverage
Inventories
Inventories valuation
• Inventories of bought merchandise for resale
• Inventories of raw materials and material for
rendering services
• Inventories of fabricated products
• Inventories of products in process
• Inventories of other goods
Thematic Coverage
Fixed assets
• Machinery and production equipment
• Real estate
• Transportation units and equipment
• Computer and peripheral equipment
• Installed and used capacity
Fixed assets depreciation
• Fixed assets valuation
• Purchase of fixed assets
• Sale of fixed assets
Thematic Coverage
Vehicle fleet
Automobile
Light truck
Crane
Bus
Heavy truck
Motorcycle
Van
Trailer truck
Aircrafts
Microbus
Towing truck
Other
Thematic Coverage
Fishing equipment
Commercial fishing
Fishing of promotion
Aquaculture and other aquatic fauna
Extensive
Semi extensive
Intensive
Finfish fishing
Shellfish fishing
Thematic Coverage
Water sources and destination
Sources
Surface source of supply: rivers, lagoons
Subsoil source of supply: Underground rivers and filter galleries
Water in block: it is not extracted, it is bought
Water destination
Water intakes
Sewage system connections
Waste water discharge
Thematic Coverage
Mineral reserves
Mineral measured or sampling for its operation or extraction
Thematic Coverage
Passengers and freight
transported
Transportation equipment for rendering services
Own transportation units
Value of rented transportation units
Origin of transportation units
National
Foreign
Support transportation units and equipment
Thematic Coverage
Clients and suppliers
Clients
- Final consumer
- Commerce
- Industrial and farming producers
- Services
- Public institutions
- Other client
Suppliers
- Industrial producers
- Farming producers
- Services
- Commercial establishments
- Public institutions
- Other suppliers
Thematic Coverage
Hotel category
Category of establishment
- 1 to 5 stars
- Special class
- Great tourism
- Other
Capacity of lodging
- Traditional hotel
- Timeshare
- Hotel or motel
- Villas and cabins
- Suites
- Bungalows
- Typical houses
- Condo-hotels
Thematic Coverage
Criteria of selection of large establisments & companies
a) The occupied personnel (dependent and not dependent) is equal or greater to 50
workers.
b) Their annual income is equal or greater to 5 million pesos.
c) Their fixed assets are equal or greater to 10 million pesos.
d) Economic units which belong to a company and altogether fulfill one of the criteria
established in the previous points.
e) Economic units which belong to a national company (with establishments in more than
one state).
f) Economic units that are engaged in maquila exports.
g) Units classified in: Private schools which combine diverse education degrees or
Public
schools which combine diverse education levels.
h) Public or private economic units which provide higher education services.
i) Public economic units which provide education services and have 50 or more
occupied persons.
j) Economic units which provide accommodation with integrated services.
Thematic Coverage
The homologation of the Economic Statistics System
It is a system that is updated to be able to serve the users, offering them better
and more useful statistical information on the establishments and companies in
our country; at the moment seven statistical programs are carried out, which
conform the direct collection of basic statistical data; these programs are:
Manufacturing surveys
Construction companies surveys
Trade establishments surveys
Services and transportation surveys
Mining-metallurgical industry statistics
Production services (maquila) for exports statistics
Economic Censuses (which include 28 collection instruments)
Thematic Coverage
The homologation of the Economic Statistics System
These projects can have a monthly, annual or five-year periodicity and they do not
ask for duplicated information, due to the care in the integration and
complementariness of the data between the projects, since each one covers a
specific thematic. Thus, the monthly surveys collect timely information such as
duration of workday, remunerated and not remunerated personnel, remunerations,
major expenses and incomes, variation of inventories, etc., whereas the annual
projects mainly collect variables that give account of the structure of the categories
in the studied sector, for example: total men and women, specific expenses for the
consumption of goods and services, income components, stocks variation, gross
formation of fixed assets by each one of their components, etc., and finally, the
censuses offer information on the composition of the total economic units, since they
are projects which collect the totality of the universe of study in question.
Thematic Coverage
Economic Censuses Rural Survey Sample,2004
1. Survey Objective
To obtain information about the number of establishments which operate in the rural context, as
well as the main variables which characterize their participation in the domestic economy.
2. Target Population
Manufacturing, trade and services establishments conform the target population.
3. Coverage
This event considers the establishments located in rural areas excluding the “economic localities
and the “industrial corridors”. The Federal District is also excluded because this is the only state
where the census covers 100% of the territory.
The survey was designed in order to provide information at the national, national by sector and
federative entity levels.
4. Sample Design
The sample design is probabilistic; due to this fact, the findings of this survey are generalized for
all the establishments in the target population.
Thematic Coverage
Economic Censuses Rural Survey Sample,2004
4.1 Survey Framework
The framework applied to this survey was integrated according to the XII 2000 General Housing and
Population Census statistic data, as well as to the 2003 cartographic update, previous to the urban
enumeration.
4.2 Sample Units Integration
The sample units are integrated by rural AGEBs which, during the 2000 General Housing and
Population Census, counted with inhabited localities and were not absorbed by urban areas between
that year and the 2003 cartographic update; event in which all the urban localities were crossed over
and the growth toward rural AGEBs were detected.
The sample framework for each federative entity Rural Survey is the AGEB list related to in the
paragraph above, excluding those in which the industrial corridors are located, as well as the localities
with establishments considered as important.
4.3 Stratification
Since the sample framework proceeds from the 2000 Housing and Population Counting, it was
necessary to establish relationships between the indicators of both events in order to identify those
with which to carry out the stratification.
In this way the correlated variables of population were obtained, with the total number of
establishments in the three sectors as a whole and the one of trade sector individually, which were
tested in stratification and multivariate analyses to select the group of indicators that besides having
the highest correlations among them, is the one that presents minor number of overlaps in the stratums
averages.14
Thematic Coverage
General strategy to carry out the 2004 Economic Censuses
Stage 1. Verification and update of the largest establishments and enterprises
June 2nd to November 28th, 2003
Stage 2. Census operative
March 1st to June 30th, 2004
In the stage 2, the participation of around 32,000 persons was required.
The 2004 Economic Censuses had an approximate cost of half the cost of the
1999 Economic Censuses in real terms.
Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)
Sectorial Coverage
Economic Censuses have a wide sectorial coverage. They comprise
964 classes of activity out of the 1,051 in wich NAICS divides the
Domestic Production System.
NAICS is the official classification system which arranges and presents
economic data.
Economic Censuses 2004, exclude agriculture, farming and forestry;
taxi services; political parties; and domestic services as well as
international organism.
Result of the Economic Censuses, 2004
A global vision of the results obtained by the 2004 Economic Censuses
4,290,108 economic units
and 23,197,214 personnel
81.5%
18.5%
Result of the Economic Censuses, 2004
A global vision of the results obtained by 2004 Economic Censuses
81.5%
18.5%
3,495,613 economic units in census
3,005,157
184,010
306,446
National Summary
Economic units and total personnel*
16,239,536
14,825,994
2,805,384
Variation
9.5%
3,005,157
Variation
7.1%
Economic units
Total personnel
* Include: Personnel dependent and non dependent on the trade name
1998
2003
National Summary
The main variables by sector, 2003
Sectors
Economic
units
Absolute
3,005,157
Total
Total of
personnel*/
%
Absolute
100.0 16,239,518
%
Annual
payroll
per person
(Thousand of pesos)
(Thousand of pesos)
100.0
79.6
6,312,205,283 100.0
Fishing
21,252
0.7
196,481
1.2
29.9
Mining
3,077
0.1
122,640
0.8
Electricity, water and gas (utilities)
2,437
0.1
221,335
13,444
0.4
652,387
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Total gross
output
%
Absolute
13,964,324
0.2
166.9
459,605,723
7.3
1.4
157.7
346,456,336
5.5
4.0
35.4
177,658,231
2.8
328,718
10.9
4,198,579
25.9
86.4
2,732,718,051
43.3
1,580,587
52.6
4,997,336
30.8
55.5
832,068,565
13.2
Transportation and warehousing
41,899
1.4
634,940
3.9
105.6
276,369,848
4.4
Finance & Insurance
10,417
0.3
275,812
1.7
278.7
391,921,728
6.2
30.4
75.7
Services
**/
1,003,326
33.4
4,939,978
1,081,442,477
17.1
* Include: Personnel dependent and non dependent on the trade name.
**/ Information, Finance & Insurance, Real estate & rental & leasing, Professional, scientific, & technical services, Administrative & Support &
waste managment & remediation services, Educational services, Health care & social assistance, Arts, entertainment & recreation,
Accommodation & food services, and Other services.
National Summary
Comparative: Economic Censuses 1999 vs 2004
Economic units
Sectors
1998
Absolute
Figures
2003
Absolute
%
2,805,384
100.0
3,005,157
100.0
7.1
Fishing
21,447
0.8
21,252
0.7
-1.0
Mining
2,896
0.1
3,077
0.1
6.3
Electricity, gas and water (utilities)
2,436
0.1
2,437
0.1
0.0
14,630
0.5
13,444
0.4
-8.1
342,650
12.2
328,718
10.9
-4.1
51.4
1,580,587
52.6
9.6
40,742
1.4
41,899
1.4
2.8
6,662
0.2
10,417
0.3
56.4
33.3
1,003,326
33.4
7.7
Total
Construction
Manufacturing
Trade
Transportation and warehousing
Finance & Insurance
Services
1,442,624
931,287
%
Percentage
Variation
National Summary
Comparative: Economic Censuses 1999 vs 2004
Personnel
Sectors
1998
Absolute
%
2003
Absolute
%
Percentage
Variation
14,825,994
100.0
16,239,518
100.0
9.5
Fishing
190,182
1.3
196,481
1.2
3.3
Mining
124,259
0.8
122,640
0.8
-1.3
Electricity, gas and water (utilities)
193,247
1.3
221,335
1.4
14.5
Construction
712,894
4.8
652,387
4.0
-8.5
Manufacturing
4,445,253
30.0
4,198,579
25.9
-5.5
Trade
4,010,159
27.1
4,997,336
30.8
24.6
Transportation and warehousing
627,656
4.2
634,940
3.9
1.2
Finance & Insurance
290,666
2.0
275,812
1.7
-5.1
4,231,678
28.5
4,939,978
30.4
16.7
Total
Services
National Summary
Total Personnel
Total
Sectors
Dependent of the
trade name
Absolute
%
Not dependent of the
trade name
Absolute
%
Absolute
%
16,239,518
100.0
14,840,254
100.0
1,399,264
100.0
Fishing
196,481
1.2
186,880
1.3
9,601
0.7
Mining
122,640
0.8
107,261
0.7
15,379
1.1
Electricity, gas and water(utilities)
221,335
1.4
213,240
1.4
8,095
0.6
Construction
652,387
4.0
597,931
4.0
54,456
3.9
Manufacturing
4,198,579
25.9
3,860,137
26.0
338,442
24.2
Trade
4,997,366
30.8
4,616,391
31.1
380,975
27.2
Transportation and warehousing
634,940
3.9
586,957
4.0
47,983
3.4
Finance & Insurance
275,812
1.7
199,182
1.3
76,630
5.5
4,939,978
30.4
4,472,275
30.1
467,703
33.4
Total
Services
8.6% of the personnel (1.4 millions of persons) weren't legally
dependent of the economic unit for which they work. They can be
supplied by another trade name, commission agents or which earn fees.
National Summary
Total personnel by sex, 2003
(Percentages)
Finance & insurance 54.1
45.9
Trade 54.9
45.1
Non-Financial services 58.0
42.0
Total 62.2
37.8
Manufacturing 64.7
35.3
Electricity, water and gas
82.8
(utilities)
Transportation and
86.2
warehousing
17.2
13.8
Mining 90.2
9.8
Fishing 92.2
7.8
Construction 93.6
6.4
0%
20%
Men
40%
60%
80%
Women
100%
National Summary
Total personnel by sex and stratum 2003
(Percentages)
Total
62.2
37.8
0 to 10
54.4
45.6
11 to 50
66.9
33.1
51 to 250
69.1
30.9
251 and more
65.9
34.1
0%
20%
Men
40%
60%
80%
Women
100%
National Summary
Main economic sectors by variable
Rank
1ro.
2do.
Economic
unit
Retail trade
Manufacturing
49.7%
25.9%
Other services
13.1%
3ro
4to.
Total
Manufacturing
337.9
278.6
7.5%
86.3%
Management of companies
and enterprises
24.8%
10.9%
Health care &
social assistance
3.4%
Total gross
Finance & Insurance
Manufacturing
Accommodation &
food services
Average remuneration
by person
(thousands of annual pesos )
Retail trade
Accommodation &
food services
9.2%
5to.
Total
Personnel
Wholesale trade
5.9%
Other services
Information
256.0
output
43.3%
Mining
7.3%
Retail trade
7.2%
Mining
Finance & Insurance
166.9
6.2%
Electricity, water
and gas (utilities)
Wholesale trade
5.8%
157.7
6.0%
69.9%
239.5
70.0%
National Summary
Economic units according to the personnel stratum, 2003
(Percentages)
97.0
94.9
94.7
90.9
74.3
18.5
2.5
6.0
3.9
0.9 0.2
Total
0 to 10
2.2 0.9
Manufacturing
11 to 50
0.4 0.1
Trade
51 to 250
Personnel stratum
4.3
6.0
0.8 0.2
Services
251 to more
1.2
Others
National Summary
Juridical category of the económic units , 2003
(Percentages)
7.5%
2.4%
90.1%
Natural person
Business association
Other
National Summary
Fixed, semi-fixed and household establishment, 2003
(Percentages)
97.7
93.8
93.0
92.1
85.8
13.6
3.2 3.8
0.6
Manufacturing
Trade
Fixed establishment
3.5 2.7
Services
0.7 1.6
Other
sectors */
Semi-fixed establishment
3.1 4.7
Total
Household
*/ Fishing, mining, electicity, gas and water, construction, transportation and financial services.
National Summary
Percentages of selected variables by state, 2003
20
Eight states take account for 63.3%
of the total gross output.
15
10
5
Economic units
Total personnel
Total gross output
National Summary
Main states, 2003
Rank
Economic
units
Occupied
Average
Total gross
remuneration per person
output
(thousands of annual pesos)
Mexico
12.1%
Distrito Federal
17.5%
Distrito Federal
125.3
Distrito Federal
23.3%
Distrito Federal
México
Nuevo León
México
11.4%
9.4%
97.1
8.5%
Jalisco
7.1%
Jalisco
7.5%
Campeche
88.4
Nuevo León
8.4%
4
Veracruz
6.1%
Nuevo León
6.2%
México
80.0
Jalisco
6.0%
5
Puebla
5.5%
Veracruz
4.5%
Baja California
76.7
Campeche
4.5%
Total
42.2%
45.1%
90.8
50.7%
1
2
3
National Summary
Main activities
13 of the 964 activity classes collected by the Economic Censuses concentrate 31.1% of the
total gross output, 37.0% of the fixed assets, 5.3% of the occupied personnel and only
0.069% of the economics units.
Contribution to the total gross output
6.7% Oil and gas extraction
4.2% Generation and transmission of electric power
3.3% Automobiles and light trucks manufacturing
3.3% Refining of crude petroleum
2.2% Banks
2.3% Chemical products manufacturing
1.9% Traditional telephony
1.5% Pharmacy products manufacturing
1.4% Soda manufacturing
1.2% Management of non-financial companies and enterprises
1.2% Electric and electronic equipment for automotive vehicles
1.0% Investment societies
1.0% Cellular telephony
31.1% Total
National Summary
Economic units using computer equipment and Internet, 2003
(Percentages)
12.4
8.2
6.2
4.6
Internet relationship
between customer
and suppliers
Administrative
processes
Technical or
design processes
Development
programs to improve
processing
National Summary
Economic units using computer equipment and Internet, 2003
(Percentages)
95.1
90.2
84.5
74.8
74.1
73.1
68.5
58.2
52.2
48.2
37.7
30.0
8.9
5.6
4.3
Internet relationship between
customer and suppliers
0 - 10
Administrative processes
11 - 50
3.0
Technical or
design processes
51 - 250
Personnel stratum
Programm development
to improve processing
251 and more
Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)
Primary Activities
Fishing and animal aquaculture
Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)
Mining
Secondary Activities
Electricity, gas and water
Construction
Manufacturing industry
Coverage (sectorial, thematic and geographic)
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Tertiary Activities
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental
Professional, scientific and technical services
Management of companies and enterprises
Administrative and support and waste management
and remediation services
Educational services
Health care and social assistance
Entertainment and recreation services
Accommodation and food services
Other services except government services
Government activities
2004 Economic censuses
MEXICO
Instituto Nacional de Estadística,
Geografía e Informática
(INEGI)
National Institute of Statistics,
Geography and Informatics