States of Matter
Solids, Liquids, and Gases
The Gas Laws
Phase Changes
Mixtures
Solutions
Substances dissolved in a homogeneous mixture.
Mixtures
Suspensions
a heterogeneous mixture that separates into
layers over time.
Mixtures
Colloids
contains some particles that are intermediate in
size between the small particles in a solution and
the larger particles in a suspension.
Do not separate into layers
States of Matter
Solids
Definite Shape and Definite Volume
Very little Kinetic movement between atoms
States of Matter
Liquids
Definite volume, but no definite shape (takes
shape of container)
some kinetic movement of atoms
States of Matter
Gases
No definite volume and no definite shape
Lots of kinetic movement
The Gas Laws
Pressure
the result of a force distributed over an area.
Collisions between particles of a gas and the
walls of the container cause the pressure in a
closed container of gas.
Gas Laws
Factors that affect Gas Pressure
Temperature (In Kelvin)
Volume
Number of particles
Phase Changes
A phase change is the reversible physical change
that occurs when a substance changes from one
state of matter to another
Phase Changes
• There are 6 common phase changes
• Melting-From solid to liquid
• Freezing-From liquid to solid
• Vaporization-From liquid to gas
• Condensation-From gas to liquid
• Sublimation-From solid to gas
• Deposition-From gas to solid
Phase Change during heating
http://www.kentchemistry.com/images/links/matter/HeatCool.gif
• The temperature of a substance does not change
during a phase change.
http://nonsibihighschool.org/intbasch13_files/image039.png
Cooling curve
http://www.dinosaurtheory.com/phase_change.gif
Phase Changes
• Energy is either absorbed or released during a
phase change
• Endothermic- system absorbs energy
• Exothermic- system loses energy to the
surroundings.