Overview & International Perspective
EOS Capabilities, Needs, Gaps & Resolutions: 14th October
2014
Introduction and Overview
Topics
•
Supply: current and future outlook
•
Supply features
•
International interfaces
•
Data policies
•
Domestic coordination
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Supply: current and future outlook
Meteorological satellites
• 1/3 of civil EO systems
• GEO and LEO (few countries)
Non-meteorological satellites
• 2/3 of civil EO systems
• Operational & research (many countries)
Commercial satellites
• Pure commercial is rare (PPP etc.)
• Major market is defense
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Supply: current and future outlook
CEOS Database 2014 Update
•
Annual update cycle
•
Responses received from 27 CEOS agencies
•
23 new mission records added, 117 existing records updated
•
44 new instrument records added, 156 existing records updated
•
Currently features operating or planned for launch in the next
15 years:
•
267 Earth observing satellite missions
•
784 instruments
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Supply: current and future outlook
Gravity instruments Hyperspectral
Multiple direction/polarisation
imagers
Lidars
radiometers
Radar altimeters
Ocean colour instruments
Cloud profile
and rain
radars
Lightning sensors
Scatterometers
Magnetic field
Precision orbit
Earth radiation budget
radiometers
Imaging multi-spectral
radiometers (vis/IR)
Imaging multi-spectral
radiometers (passive
microwave)
Atmospheric temperature and
humidity sounders
Atmospheric chemistry
Instrument Types
Source: CEOS EOHandbook
http://eohandbook.com/
Imaging
microwave
radars
High
resolution
optical
imagers
Space environment
5
Historical perspective
Source:
A.S. Belward, J.O. Skøien - ISPRS
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Historical perspective
Source:
A.S. Belward, J.O. Skøien - ISPRS
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Geographical perspective
Source:
A.S. Belward, J.O. Skøien - ISPRS
8
Geographical perspective
Source:
A.S. Belward, J.O. Skøien - ISPRS
9
Coordination Frameworks
•
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)
•
Australia Chair (Alex Held) in 2016
•
CEO also in 2016-17
•
Group on Earth Observations (GEO and GEOSS)
•
•
Global Earth Observation System of Systems – satellite and in
situ
Many initiatives, including forests, agriculture, and water
•
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites
(CGMS)
•
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
•
•
“Essential Climate Variables”
International Charter on Space and Major Disasters
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Growth context
•
“The number of satellites launched by civil government
and commercial entities is expected to more than double
over the next decade”
•
•
$35.8B USD in manufacturing revenues
“The market for commercial EO data was valued at $1.5
billion in 2012.”
•
•
Growth slowing to 7%, and consolidation of operators
Manufacturing revenues rising, but the average cost of a
non-Meteorological EO satellite falling
Euroconsult, 2013
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Growth context
•
Austerity and budget pressures in North America and
Europe squeezing expenditures
•
Major programs like Copernicus and NOAA’s
meteorological missions face some uncertainty
•
•
Increasingly stable
EO remains a priority for R&D mandated space agencies
like NASA, ESA, JAXA
•
Euroconsult, 2013
Climate change and environmental monitoring driving
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Growth context
•
“Overall civil government investment in EO totaled $7.7
billion in 2012”
•
“$5.5 billion (71%) of total investment in 2012 was
attributed to North America and Europe”
•
Russia, India and China all ramping up spending more
quickly
•
•
Euroconsult, 2013
Support to national policy interests, autonomy in space
applications, national industry
Lagging, but increasing quality in terms of
ground/spectral/radiometric resolutions, accuracy, and lifespan
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Measurement Categories
Gravity and Magnetic Fields
3%
Ocean
12%
Snow & Ice
12%
Atmosphere
43%
Land
30%
Atmosphere, Land,
Oceans
+ Snow/Ice and Earth
Science
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Atmospheric Measurements
Atmospheric Winds
4%
Liquid water and precipitation
rate
6%
Gravity and
Magnetic Fields
3%
Ocean
12%
Snow & Ice
12%
Lightning Detection
0%
Ozone
5%
Cloud type, amount and cloud top
temperature
17%
Cloud particle properties and
profile
7%
Atmosphere
43%
Trace gases (excluding ozone)
17%
Atmospheric Humidity Fields
10%
Land
30%
Clouds, temperature,
pressure, gas
composition
Atmospheric Temperature
Fields
10%
Radiation budget
12%
Aerosols
12%
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Land Measurements
Landscape
topography
8%
Soil
moisture
4%
Vegetation
30%
Surface temperature (land)
9%
Atmosphere
43%
Land
30%
Albedo and reflectance
21%
Gravity and
Magnetic Fields
3%
Ocean
12%
Snow & Ice
12%
Multi-purpose imagery (land)
28%
Land cover, vegetation,
reflectance, topography
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Ocean Measurements
Ocean Salinity
1%
Ocean wave height
and spectrum
9%
Surface temperature (ocean)
21%
Land
30%
Ocean colour/biology
16%
Snow & Ice
12%
Ocean
12%
Atmosphere
43%
Gravity and
Magnetic Fields
3%
Colour, topography,
winds, temperature, sea
level
Ocean surface winds
18%
Ocean topography/currents
17%
Multi-purpose imagery (ocean)
18%
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Example timeline from
database.eohandbook.com
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Data policies
•
Australia at the mercy of data policy trends
•
Mixed bag internationally
•
USA – free and open, new Civil EO Plan
•
Japan – commercial (at higher resn)
•
Europe – free and open, but questions on the data system and
politics; Sentinel-2 could change the world
19
Australian needs and supply
•
CEODA process a welcome, formalised documentation of
requirements
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Australian needs and supply
•
2014 CEODA update underway by GA
•
Socio-economic benefits (ACIL Allen) and supply risks
(Symbios) studies also underway to provide business case
arguments for investing in selected EO data streams
21
Australian coordination context
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Australian coordination
•
Federal coordination budget/staff/interest reduced (SPU/SCO)
•
Satellite utilisation policy – terminated trajectory?
•
No publication of National EO Infrastructure Plan
•
GA/CSIRO/BOM diligent on CEODA update and political
arguments
•
AEOCCG an active voice and advocate
•
Substantial processes and mechanisms exist – including
through agencies with operational responsibility and mandate
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Thanks!
Contact:
Stephen Ward
mail@stephenward.net
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