System Analysis and Design
System Implementation
- Mr. Ahmad Al-Ghoul
learning Objectives
 Explain the operational and test
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environments
Develop an overall training plan with
specific objectives for each group of
participants, compare in-house and
outside training providers, and describe
effective training techniques
Describe the data conversion process
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System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Operational and Test Environments
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The environment for the actual system operation is
called the operational environment or production
environment (It includes hardware and software
configurations, system utilities, and communications
resources.)
The environment that analysts and programmers use to
develop and maintain programs is called the test
environment
The test environment resides on a limited-access
workstation or server located in the IT department
A separate test environment is necessary to maintain
system security and integrity and protect the operational
environment
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System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Operational and Test Environments
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Access to the operational environment is limited to users
and must be strictly controlled
Systems analysts and programmers should not have
access to the operational environment except to correct
a system problem or to make authorized modification or
enhancements
The test environment for an information system contains
copies of all programs, procedures, and test data files
After any modification, you should repeat the same
acceptance tests you ran when the system was
developed
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Operational and Test Environments
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The operational environment includes hardware and
software configurations and settings, system utilities,
telecommunications resources, and any other
components that might affect system performance
By restricting access to the operational area, you can
protect the system and avoid problems that could
damage data or interrupt operations
If you have to build or upgrade network resources to
support the new system, you must test the platform
rigorously before system installation begins
Your documentation should identify all network
specifications and settings
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System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Operational and Test Environments
The test environment versus the operational environment. Notice that
access to the test environment is limited to IT staff, while the operational
environment is restricted to users.
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Training
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A successful information system requires
training for users, managers, and IT staff
members
The entire systems development effort
can depend on whether or not people
understand the system and know how to
use it effectively
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Training
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Training Plan
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The training plan is a document that details
these requirements.
When you implement the system, it is
essential to provide the right training for the
right people at the right time
The first step is to identify who should receive
training and what training is needed
You must determine how the company will
provide training
System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Training
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Three main groups for training are users,
managers, and IT staff
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A manager need a system overview to ensure
that users are being trained properly and are
using the system correctly
Users need to know how to perform their dayto-day job functions
IT staff need the most information, to support
the new system
System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Training
Examples of training topics for three different groups. Users,
managers, and IT staff members have different training needs.
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System Implemantation
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Training
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Vendor Training
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If the system includes the purchase of software or
hardware, then vendor-supplied training is one of the
features you should investigate in the RFPs (requests
for proposal) and RFQs (requests for quotation) that
you send to potential vendors
The training usually is conducted at the vendor’s site
If a large number of people need training, you might
arrange classes at your location
Often gives the best return on your training dollars
Scope is limited to a standard version of software or
hardware
In-house supplementary training needed, especially if
your IT staff customized the package
System Analysis and Design
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Training
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Outside Training Resources
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If you have standardized or customized package, and
vendor training is not practical and your organization
does not have the internal resources to perform the
training, outside training consultants might be a
desirable alternative
Many training consultants, institutes, and firms are
available that provide either standardized or
customized training packages
You can contact a training provider and obtain
references from clients
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System Implemantation
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Training
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In-House Training
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The IT staff and user departments often
share responsibility for developing and
conducting training programs.
You can use various training methods, such
as presentation software that combine slides,
animation, and sound. You also can use
programs that capture actual keystrokes and
mouse actions, also you can use videotapes,
charts, and other instructional materials
System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Training
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When developing a training program, you should
keep the following guidelines in mind:
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Train people in groups, with separate training
programs for distinct groups
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Select the most effective place to conduct the training
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Group training makes the most efficient use of time and
training facilities
A training program must address the job interests and skills
of a wide range of participants
Usually company’s location offers several advantages, such
as reduce cost and time, take place in the actual
environment where the system will operate. but you can
encounter some disadvantages, such as interruption, in
addition, using organization’s computer facilities for training
can disrupt normal operations and limit the amount of
hands-on training
System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Training
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When developing a training program, you should
keep the following guidelines in mind:
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Provide for learning by hearing, seeing, and doing
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Prepare effective training materials
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Some people learn best from lectures, and discussions.
Others learn best from viewing or from reading materials. All
users needs hands-on experience. You should provide
training that support each type.
You can prepare the training material in various forms,
including traditional training manuals, printed handouts, or
online material
The main goal is to deliver user-friendly, cost-effective
training
System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Training
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When developing a training program, you should
keep the following guidelines in mind:
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Rely on previous trainees.
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After one group of users has been trained, they can assist
others
 Using Train-the-trainer strategy, users often learn more
quickly from coworkers who share common experience
and job responsibilities.
When Training is complete, many organizations
conduct a full-scale test, or simulation which is a
dress rehearsal for users and IT support staff.
Organizations typically include all procedures, such as
those that they execute only at the end of a month,
quarter, or year, in their simulations
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System Implemantation
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Data Conversion
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Data Conversion
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During data conversion, existing data is
loaded into the new system
You should develop a data conversion plan as
early as possible, and the conversion process
should be tested when the test environment is
developed
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System Implemantation
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Data Conversion
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Data Conversion Strategies
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The old system might be capable of exporting data in
an acceptable format for the new system or in a
standard format such as ASCII or ODBC (open
Database Connectivity)
If a standard format is not available, you must
develop a program to extract the data and convert it
to an acceptable format
Data conversion is more difficult when the new
system replaces a manual system, because data must
entered manually
Any new system often requires additional data items,
which might require manual entry
System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Data Conversion
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Data Conversion Security and Controls
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You must ensure that all system control measures are
in place and operational to protect data from
unauthorized access and to help prevent erroneous
input during the conversion process
Some errors will occur, so users should verify all data,
correct all errors, and supply every missing data item
It is essential that the new system be loaded with
accurate, error-free data
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System Implemantation
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Sequence Summary
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During the installation process, you establish an operational
environment that is completely separate from the test environment.
Everyone who interacts with the new IS should receive training
appropriate to his or her role and skills
The IT department usually is responsible for training
Software or hardware vendors or professional training organizations
also can provide training
When you develop a training program, remember the following
guidelines: train people in groups; utilize people already trained to
help train others; develop separate programs for distinct employee
groups; and provide for learning by using discussion,
demonstrations, documentation, and training manuals
When a new system replaces a computerized system, you should
automate the data conversion process
The old system might be capable of exporting data in an acceptable
format for the new system
Any new system often requires additional data items, which might
require manual entry
Strict input controls are important during the conversion process
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System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Sequence Summary
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In this Sequence we have
 Defined and explained the operational and test
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environments
Explained how to develop an overall training plan with
specific objectives for each group of participants
compared in-house and outside training providers
described effective training techniques
Described the data conversion Strategies
Explained data conversion security and controls
System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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Reference
[1] System Analysis and Design, Sixth
Edition
Authors: Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J.
Cashman and Harry J. Rosenblatt
Publisher: SHELLY CASHMAN SEWIES.
Avicenna
System Analysis and Design
System Implemantation
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