System Analysis and Design
System Implementation
- Mr. Ahmad Al-Ghoul
learning Objectives
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Explain the importance of
software quality assurance and
software engineering
Describe the application
development process
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Software Quality Assurance
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In today’s competitive business environment,
companies are intensely concerned with the
quality of their products and services
Rigorous testing catches errors in the
implementation stage
Quality assurance: A process or procedure for
minimizing errors and ensuring quality in
products. Poor quality can result from
inaccurate requirements, design problems,
coding errors, faulty documentation, and
ineffective testing.
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Software Quality Assurance
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Software Engineering
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Software Engineering Institute (SEI) : The SEI is a
leader in software engineering and provides quality
standards and suggested procedures for software
developers and systems analysts. SEI's primary
objective is to find better, faster, and less expensive
methods of software development.
Capability Maturity Model (CMM): A model developed
by SEI The purpose of the model, was to improve
software quality, reduce development costs and time.
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) : that
integrates software and systems development into
the process improvement framework.
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Software Quality Assurance
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Software Engineering
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Process improvement: The framework used to integrate
software and systems development by a new SEI model,
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)®.
CMMI tracks an organization's processes, using five maturity
layers, from Level 1performed (process unpredictable, poorly
controlled and reactive)
Level 2 managed (process characterized for projects and is
often reactive)
Level 3 defined ( process characterized for the organization and
is proactive)
Level 4 quantitatively managed (process managed and
controlled)
Level 5 optimizing ( focus on process improvement) .
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Software Quality Assurance
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International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
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Many firms seek assurance that software systems will meet rigid
quality standards
In 1991, ISO established a set of guidelines called ISO 9000-3
ISO requires a specific development plan, which outlines a step-bystep process for transforming user requirements into a finished
product
ISO requires that a software supplier document all testing and
maintain records of test results
If problems are found, they must be resolved, and any modules
affected must be tested.
Software and hardware specifications of all test equipment must be
documented and included in the test records
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Overview of Application
Development
Application development
 Application development is the process of constructing
the programs and code modules that are the building
blocks of an information system. Application
development is handled by an application development
group within a traditional IT department that is
composed of systems analysts and programmers who
handle information system design, development, and
implementation.
 Objective is to translate the logical design into program
and code modules that will function properly
 Creation of the System Design
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The tasks involved in system design produced an overall design
and a plan for physical implementation
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Overview of Application Development
Application Development Steps
 Module: A module consists of related program code
organized into small units that are easy to understand
and maintain.
 A complex program could have hundreds or even
thousands of modules.
 Start by reviewing documentation from prior SDLC
phases and creating a set of program designs
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In addition to the system design specification, you
will refer to DFDs, process descriptions, ERDs, and
anything else that describes the functions that
program or module must perform
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Overview of Application Development
Application Development Steps
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Screen layout, report layouts, source
documents, and data dictionary entries, must
be reviewed regardless of whether you used
a structured or object-oriented analysis
method
If you used an object-oriented approach, you
also will review your object model, including
use case diagrams, class diagrams, objectrelationship diagrams, sequence diagram,
and state transition diagrams
After the design is created, coding can begin
The module then is tested as a unit, system
is tested, and all necessary documentation is
prepared and checked
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Overview of Application
Development
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Project Management
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Project might have hundreds or even
thousands of modules so they need good
management
Set realistic schedules, meet project deadlines,
control costs, and maintain quality
Project manager should use project
management tools and techniques to monitor
and control the development effort
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Sequence Summary
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Quality assurance is essential during the implementation
phase
Many companies utilize software engineering concepts and
quality standards established by (ISO)
During development, large systems can be broken down
into subsystems and modules that represent a particular
transaction or process described in a DFD or object model
When structured analysis methods are used, programmers
and systems analysts create structure chart, program
flowcharts, and pseudocode to represent program modules
logically
If an object-oriented approach was used, the development
team will review the object model, including use case
diagrams, class diagrams, object-relationship diagrams,
sequence diagrams, and state-transition diagram
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Sequence Summary
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In this Sequence we have
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Defined the term quality assurance
Focused on Software Engineering Institute
(SEI) and it’s models
Defined and explained application
development
Described the application development steps
Explained the project management role
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Reference
[1] System Analysis and Design, Sixth
Edition
Authors: Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J.
Cashman and Harry J. Rosenblatt
Publisher: SHELLY CASHMAN SEWIES.
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