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1- The following is consider as liver function/s
Cholesterol metabolism
Drug metabolism and detoxification
Haemoglobin degradation
All of the above
None of the above
2- Which of the following is corrects for bilirubin
Bilirubin is highly soluble in water at physiologic pH
Bilirubin is a potentially toxic catabolic product of haem metabolism.
Bilirubin is poorly soluble in water at physiologic pH
A and B
B and C
3- The liver is designed to
Synthesis protein
Storage of fat soluble vitamine
Storage of glycogen
A and B
A, B and C
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4- Wilson’s disease is an inherited condition characterized by
low blood level of the copper-binding protein ceruloplasmin
low blood level of the iron-binding protein ceruloplasmin
Copper accumulates in the liver (leading to cirrhosis) and in the CNS, resulting in
neuropsychiatric symptoms
A and C
B and C
5- Bile acids perform different physiologically function/s such as:
Bile acids and phospholipids solubilize cholesterol in the bile
They inhibit the digestion of dietary triacylglycerols by acting as emulsifying
agents.
They inhibit the intestinal absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
A and B
A and C
6- Which of the following consider as Albumin Functions?
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Binding and transport. (Such as fatty acids and bilirubin).
Maintenance of colloid osmotic pressure.
Free radical scavenging.
A and B
A, B and C
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7- Hepatitis: refers to any swelling, inflammation which could be caused by
Any swelling, inflammation which could be caused by Viruses
Any swelling, inflammation which could be caused by Alcohol
Any swelling, inflammation which could be caused by enzyme deficiencies
A, B and C
None of the above
8- Real liver function test/s includes the following/s
ALT: alanine aminotransferase (SGPT)
AST: aspartate aminotransferase
Prothrombin Time
A and B
A, B and C
9- Which of the following is correct/s for ALT:
Found primarily in hepatocytes heart, muscle, intestine, pancreas
Released when cells are hurt or destroyed
rises with obstruction or infiltrative diseases
A and B
A and C
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10- 5 Picometer equal to
0.5x 10-11 B) 5x 10-15 C) 5x 10-12 D) 5x 10-10 E) None of the above
11- Which of the following is correct/s for Darkfield microscope
Darkfield condenser is replaced with regular condenser
Used to identify Treponema pallidium
In the dark field we see the light from the object itself not the reflection
from the object.
A and B
A and C
12- Pediatric urine collection can be obtained by the following/s:
Use mid-stream collection procedure
Pediatric bags ( u Bag)
squeeze urine from diaper
A and C
A and B
Q#
Answer
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Statements
HCV is an RNA virus: does not incorporate into host
The risk of progression to chronic HBV infection varies with age
Vein blood: used to measure blood gases (partial pressures of
oxygen and carbon dioxide) and pH
T
Microscope Resolution ability of a lens to separate or distinguish
small objects that are close together
T
T
T
Whole Blood must be collected in anticoagulant vessels.
F
Sputum: is pus that accumulates in the lungs of patient with
gastrointestinal tract infection.
T
Mid stream urine: refers to the fact that initial portion of the urine
stream is directed into a toilet and then the urine stream is directed
into a sterile container.
T
Bacteremia May occur during certain stages of many infectious
diseases such as: Bacterial Meningitis.
A heel sticks from the outer area of the bottom of the foot.
Pasturella mutlicidia is obtain from wound site and rarely from
other types of specimen
Fecal (Stool) Specimen
• Fecal Specimen should be collected at the
laboratory and processed immediately to prevent
a decrease in the temperature which allows pH to
drops causing the death of many Shigella and
Salmonella.
• Otherwise specimen pH should be maintained at
pH=7.
• Regardless that the colon is anaerobic and the
bacteria are obligate anaerobe or aero-tolerant or
facultative anaerobes, they cultured under
aerobic condition.
• Only relatively small quantities of bile acids are lost from the body;
approximately 95% of bile acids delivered to the duodenum are absorbed
back into blood within the ileum.
• Each bile salt molecule may be reused up to 20 times, and often 2 or 3
times during a single digestive phase (Figure 6.1).
• Assay of systemic levels of bile acids is used clinically as a sensitive
• indicator of hepatic disease.
• Bile acids are steroids, characterised by a carbon skeleton with four fused
rings.
• Primary bile acids are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid (Figure 6.2).
Within the intestines, bacteria convert primary bile acids to secondary bile
acids.
• Both primary and secondary bile acids are re-absorbed by the intestines
and delivered back to the liver via the portal circulation.
• In some cases such as glucose, continued metabolism
will occur if the serum or plasma remains in contact
with cell for any periods.
• Plastic gel can be incorporated within the collection
vessels to ensure separation of the cell from the
Plasma and Serum.
• Some time these gel may interfere with some analytes
notably trace metals and drugs such as the tricyclic
antidepressants.
• Any preservative required before analytical testing can
also be incorporated into the collection tubes.
HBV Structure & Antigens
Dane particle
HBsAg = surface (coat) protein ( 4 phenotypes : adw, adr, ayw and ayr)
HBcAg = inner core protein (a single serotype)
HBeAg = secreted protein; function unknown