Cells
• Cells are the
most important
things in the
world!
Cells are organized to divide
labor and make them more
efficient.
Cell membrane
• Phospholipid bilayer
• Transport proteins
help move materials
in and out of the cell
• Carbohydrate chains
help mark the cell
• Cholesterol stabilizes
membrane
Nucleus
It is a membrane-bound
organelle and is surrounded
by a double membrane.
It communicates with the
surrounding cytosol via
numerous nuclear pores.
Within the nucleus is the DNA
responsible for providing the
cell with its unique
characteristics.
Nucleolus
Produces ribosomes.
Not membrane bound.
Made of DNA and protein.
Nuclear Envelope
• Double plasma
membrane
• Pores
• Regulates what
goes in and out of
the nucleus
Chromosomes and
Chromatin
• Made of DNA and
protein
• Contain genetic
instructions
• These chromosomes
are wound up DNA
and protein
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• E.R. is made of plasma membranes and has
two forms
– Smooth that has no ribosomes
• Packages, modifies and transports
lipids
• Detoxifies alcohol
– Rough that has ribosomes attached
• Transports, packages and modifies
protein
• Where most protein synthesis occurs
Golgi Apparatus
• Is made of membrane
• Packages materials for export from the cell
• Seen here in lower middle of cell with
vessicles budding off.
Mitochondria
• Has a double unit
membrane
• Has its own DNA
• Converts the energy
from glucose into
ATP
Cytoplasm/Cytosol
• Fluid of the cell
• Where cell
reactions take
place
• Allows
chemicals to mix
and diffuse
Vacuoles
• Surrounded by plasma
membrane
• Storage containers for
– Pigment
– Water
– Food
– waste
Lysosomes
• Has a plasma membrane
• Contain digestive
enzymes so the cell can:
– Get rid of worn out
cell parts
– Get rid of invading
cells and poisons
– Self destruct
Cytoskeleton
• Made of microtubules
and microfilaments
• Gives the cell
organelles support
• Helps with internal
transportation of
materials
Ribosome
• Assembles proteins from amino acids
Centriole
• Helps cell divide
Cell Wall
• Found on plant cells,
fungus cells and bacteria
cells
• Made of complex
carbohydrates
• Gives the plant cell shape
and support
• Prevents bursting from
osmotic pressure
Chloroplast
• Double plasma
membrane and its
own DNA
• Converts light into
glucose by the
process of
photosynthesis