Global Forum on Gender Statistics
26-28 January 2009
Accra, Ghana
Household satellite accounts on production
and consumption of unpaid work services.
Proposed methodology
María Eugenia Gómez Luna
Coordinación de Asesores.
INEGI
1
Objective
This presentation deals with a proposed
methodology to compile satellite accounts
on production and consumption of UNPAID
HOUSEHOLD SERVICES within the System
of
National
Accounts
1993,
using
the
National Time Use Survey and the System of
National Accounts of Mexico, 2002
2
A point to start: Productive Activities
OUTPUT
HUMAN
ACTIVITIES
Paid Work
ECONOMIC OUTPUT
SNA
Goods and
services
I. Productive
Activities
No SCN
Unpaid Services
Unpaid Work
II. Personal
Activities
• Personal benefits
• Learning
• Entertainment
• Personal care
…
General
Production
The SNA boundary
Production _______________ 100.0%
Market production_____ 87.9%
Own account
final production______
5.5%
Other non market
production___________
6.6%
Unpaid household services,
are not within SNA
boundary
It is necessary a monetary
value to know the magnitude
of the unpaid work output in
the same way of other
economic activities
It is necessary to compile a
satellite account to have the
total household production
and consumption
Household Satellite Accounts will enlarge the
boundaries
Including a new concept of work: Paid and unpaid
as a total
Extending the household production boundary
Extending the SNA production and GDP boundary
Extending the SNA consumption boundary
Extended SNA production boundary= General Production
SNA
SATELLITE ACCOUNT OF UNPAID
SERVICES
1. MARKET PRODUCTION
2. OWN FINAL USE
4. UNPAID HOUSEHOLD SERVICES
UNPAID DOMESTIC SERVICES ( food,
cleaning, care textiles, shopping…, including
travels)
 OWN ACCOUNT GOODS PRODUCTION
 OWN ACCUONT CAPITAL PRODUCTION
UNPAID CARE GIVING SERVICES TO
HOUSE HOLD MEMBERS (Children, elderly,
sick people, including travels …)
 SERVICES OF OWNER OCCUPIED
DEWLLINS
 PAID DOMESTIC SERVICES
UNPAID COMMUNITY SERVICES
 to other households
To thecommunity)
3. OTHER NON MARKET PRODUCTION
General government production
Non profit Institution production
SCN
UNPAID VOLUNTEER SERVICES (NLI)
+
No SCN
6
PROPOSAL METHODOLOGY
-The objective of household satellite
accounts
- General aproach
- The boundary of the productive household
activities
The value of unpaid work
The main results
7
Main Objectives of the HHSA
1. Provide estimation on production, gross domestic product, private
consumption and compiles satellite accounts
2. Contribute to recognize unpaid work as part of a new concept of work,
TOTAL WORK
3. Make visible women and men contributions to the economy and to the
society ( reproduction and wellbeing)
4. Make visible the differences on the unpaid work distribution between
women and men within the household
5. Have a set of statistics and indicators within the SNA framework to
improve gender-sensitive measures and knowledge on the household
economy to planning, policies makers and monitoring.
6. Contribute to construct a sensitive gender framework
How to make a monetary value to unpaid household
services?
• Measuring the output according to the cost incurred
• Considering that the only one input is unpaid work.
• Only time of primary activities is taken into calculations
• Using physical units of time “spend on” productive
activities and a suitable “wage” of similar activities
Quantity of hours
x “wage” per hour
Q x P = OUTPUT
Data Sources
•
National Time Use Survey 2002
Activities and quantity of time “spending on”
• National Income and Expenditures HH Survey 2002
“market wage” per hour of activities alike household activities .
System of National Accounts of Mexico, 2002
Conceptual and quantity framework
Goods and Services Accounts
Institutional Sector Accounts
10
Quantity data source: Time Use Survey 2002
Some relevant characteristics

Population: 12 and up years
 Survey instrument : Questionnaire
90Preselected activities
15 Main activities categories (close to ICATUS)
 Collecting period
 18 November – 13 December
 as soon as National Incomes and Expenditures Household
Survey finished
 Data presentation: Weekly data
 Data base available
11
It is necessary to classified the productive actities
Cooking
4.0
9.7
Washing dishes
2.1
Cleaning dwelling
2.2
Carrying water, picking up wood or waste disposal
3.7
2.6
3.9
3.3
4.9
2.3
3.0
2.7
Paying and managment
Dwelling repairs
3.5
5.8
Transporting a household member to work or school
Purchasing groceries
1.4
2.0
Health care
Caring for children or household members
3.7
2.4
Laundry, ironing or sewing clothes
Tending domestic animals
4.3
3.3
1.6
3.6
Men
1.4
2.4
Women
Source: INEGI. Encuesta Nacional sobre Uso del Tiempo, 2002 (National Time Use Survey, 2002)
12
“Third party criterion” is used to identify the unpaid household
productive activities
SNA PRODUCTIVE
ACTIVITIES
01. Work SCN
(ILO concept)
02. Work for household on
primary production
activities
03. Work for household on
non primary production
activities
04. Work for house hold in
construction activities
05 Work for household
providing servicies for
income
UNPAID PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES
Personal activities
09. Actividades de estudio.
A. Unpaid work services
06. Unpaid domestic services for own final
use
10. Vida social y participación en
actividades comunitarias.
07. Unpaid care services to household
members
11. Asistencia a acontecimientos
culturales, de entretenimiento y
deportivos
y visitas culturales.
B. Unpaid community and volunteer services
12. Aficiones, juegos y otros
pasatiempos.
08. Unpaid community services and help to
other house holds
13. Práctica de deportes de interior
y de exterior.
08ª Unpaid volunteer services work
14. Utilización de medios de
comunicación de masas.
15. Cuidado y mantenimiento
personal.
13
Source: Guide to producing statistics on Time Use: Measuring Paid and Unpaid Work Use
We can construct an indicator with physical data, hours a week
TOTAL WORK and WOMEN and MEN CONTRIBUTIONS
TOTAL WORK
PAID WORK (SNA)
UNPAID WORK
TOTAL ACTIVITIES
3 405 328
1 747 996
1 657 332
MEN
1 487 278
1 242 369
244 909
WOMEN
1 918 049
505 626
1 412 423 √
√
Total
Work
Total
Work Women
Total
Work Men
51.3
73.6
83.5
48.7
26.4
16.5
Paid work
Unpaid work
Total
Work
Paid work
Unpaid work
Paid work (SNA)
Paid work
Unpaid work
Unpaid work
71.1
85.2
56.3
43.6
28.9
14.8
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
14
Annual monetary value added of unpaid
household services
Number of hours of each unpaid productive activity
X 50 Weeks = Total annual hours ……………… Q
“Wage” per hour*of each unpaid activity, one for
woman and one for man, ……………………
P
Imputing Monetary Value
Q . P = Gross value added by activity
*In general, it is the income received
15
Alternatives to value the UPW and the impact on the
contribution to the GDP
Canada
Potential income
Replacement cost
Years
Before taxes
After taxes
Specialists
General
1961
63.6
52.4
55.6
34.2
1971
57.5
40.5
50.1
30.5
1981
47.6
31.3
39.5
25.6
1986
44.6
28.0
37.5
26.1
1992
54.2
32.0
43.0
34.0
Source: Satistique Canada. Travail non rémunéré des ménages: mesure et évaluation. 1995
16
Billions of pesos
General Gross Domestic Product , includes
unpaid household services
Women and men contributions to monetary
value added of unpaid household services
Icatus
Name/denomination
Men
Woman
Total
Men
Woman
100.0
100.0
100.0
23.1
76.9
45.4
62.2
58.3
18.0
82.0
6.8
2.1
18.3
6.0
15.6
5.1
10.1
9.5
89.9
90.5
10.5
16.6
15.2
16.0
84.0
Cleaning cloth and footwear
5.7
13.5
11.7
11.3
88.7
Minor repairs and maintenance
5.0
0.3
1.4
85.3
14.7
Payments
2.0
0.5
0.9
52.2
47.8
13.3
7.1
8.6
36.0
64.0
51.6
36.7
40.2
29.7
70.3
38.2
2.2
25.9
2.0
28.8
2.1
30.7
24.7
69.3
75.3
11.2
3.0
1.9
1.2
8.8
1.1
0.8
0.2
9.3
1.5
1.1
0.4
27.7
46.5
40.1
62.5
72.3
53.5
59.9
37.5
Total
06 Unpaid Domestic Services for HH members
Preparation of meals
Wash ing dishesd
Cleaning dweeling
Management
07 Unpaid Care Services for HH members
Childcare
Health Care
Care to other household members
08 Community and volunteer unpaid services
Unpaid services to households
Community and volunteer
Women and men contributions to Gross Domestic Product of
unpaid household services.
Quantity and monetary value
Quantity of
unpaid work time
Value of unpaid
work
The contribution of unpaid hh services to GDP is
equivalent to 23.7 % of total GDP
GD1:
Agriculture, cattle,
forestry and fishing
GD2:
Mining
Gd3:
Manufactures
GD4
Construction
GD5
Electricity
GD6
Commerce, restaurants
and hotels
GD7
Transport and
communications
GD8
Financial and real estate
GD9
Community and
4.0
professional services
27.0
20.0
23.7
18.6
13.4
10.7
5.1
1.4
1.3
Unpaid
HH services
s
GD1
GD2
Source: MEGL , with INEGI data.
GD3
GD4
GD5
GD6
GD7
GD8
GD9
20
.
Men and women contribution to the total value
of unpaid household services
11.9
0.7
10.5
28.2
0.8
47.8
Fuente: INEGI. Encuesta Nacional sobre Uso del Tiempo (ENUT), 2002
Unpaid domestic services
Comunity and volunteer work
Caregiving services
Unpaid care health services contribute with 11.3 % to
the new Health GDP
• Heath is a mixture production: -Private, public, and hh sector.
• Temporary sick's care is one of the most relevant unpaid activity
• Women are the health careers and also the most users.
• Health care is something “normal” for women, with relevant social and labor
costs
Satellite account of unpaid household services
and the total economy
Cuenta Satélite de Hogares
Concepto
SCN
Producción
2,670,141
Producción de mercado
Producción para uso final extendido
Producción para uso final propio
Producción de servicios no
remunerados
Contribución de las mujeres
Contribución de los hombres
Otra producción no de mercado
2,168,406
501,734
Consumo intemedio
Producción
Cuenta
de servicios
Satélite de
no
Hogares
remunerados
1,358,491
1,358,491
1,044,292
314,199
Economía Total
Aportaciones %
SCN
SCN
SNRH
En millones de pesos
66
34
Economía
Total
Extendida
9,861,630
11,220,121
2,168,406
8,560,496
501,734
501,734
8,560,496
1,860,225
501,734
1,358,491
1,044,292
314,199
4,126,984
5,734,646
614,186
7,093,137
614,186
5,120,460
5,120,460
2,061,897
3,420,388
Otros impuestos sobre la producción
34,790
Otros subsidios a la producción
Excedente neto de operación
348,080
348,080
1,783,235
Ingreso mixto neto
1,240,538
1,240,538
1,783,235
Fuente: Elaboraciones propias del cálculo de los SNRH y de INEGI, SCNM. Cuentas por sectores institucionales
34,790
1,991,890
106,939
678,250
1,358,491
1,884,951
296,333
3,350,381
106,939
59
41
1,884,951
1,358,491
1,654,824
Cuánto se
registra en
las Cuentas
Nacionales
%
88
1,358,491
1,044,292
314,199
799,400
4,126,984
Valor agregado bruto/ Producto
interno bruto
Consumo de capital fijo
Valor agregado neto/ Producto
interno neto
Remuneración de los asalariados
(incluye contrib. soc. imp.)
678,250
4,028,632
Estructura de la
cuenta satélite de
los hogares
18
82
1,783,235
1,783,235
81
60
Production and Consumption Satellite
Accounts
Cuenta Satélite de Producción y Consumo de SNRH
Producción y Consumo Total
Cuenta de
Producción y
Consumo SCN
Concepto
Estructura de la
Producción y el
Consumo SCN
(%)
Estructura de la Cuenta Satélite de Estructura de la
Oferta y Utilización
Oferta y Utilización
Producción y
Total (%)
Total (%)
Consumo
Estructura de la
Producción y
Consumo de los
SNRH
(%)
Recursos
En millones de pesos a precios corrientes
Producción Total Extendida
Producción en valores básicos
Producción de mercado
Producción para uso propio extendido
Producción para uso propio
Producción de servicios no remunerados de hogares
Contribución de las mujeres
Contribución de los hombres
Otra Producción, no de mercado
Impuestos sobre los productos, netos
Importación de bienes y servicios CIF
Oferta total = Utilización total
11,220,121
82.8
100.0
8,560,496
63.2
76.3
6.6
1,860,225
501,734
1,358,491
1,044,292
314,199
799,400
13.7
3.7
10.0
7.7
2.3
5.9
16.6
4.5
12.1
9.3
2.8
7.1
4.3
528,491
3.9
9,861,630
8,560,496
100.0
86.8
80.9
70.3
501,734
5.1
4.1
799,400
8.1
528,491
1,794,948
14.7
1,794,948
13.3
12,185,069
100.0
13,543,560
100.0
Empleos
Consumo Total extendido
10,571,853
78.1
100.0
Consumo Total
Consumo intermedio
9,213,362
4,126,984
100.0
44.8
75.6
33.9
4,126,984
30.5
39.0
Consumo final efectivo
5,086,378
55.2
41.7
6,444,869
47.6
61.0
4,744,128
51.5
38.9
342,250
3.7
2.8
4,744,128
1,358,491
342,250
35.0
10.0
2.5
44.9
12.9
3.2
9.9
1,205,942
8.9
Consumo efectivo individual
Consumo no remunerado de los hogares
Consumo efectivo colectivo
Formación bruta de capital fijo
Variaciones de existencias
1,205,942
84,667
Exportación de bienes y servicios
1,681,098
Exportación de bienes
1,558,732
Otros servicios
122,366
Fuente: Elaboraciones propias del cálculo de los SNRH y de INEGI, SCNM. Cuentas de bienes y servicios
0.7
84,667
0.6
13.8
12.8
1.0
1,681,098
1,558,732
122,366
12.4
11.5
0.9
Thank you
Your comments are welcome
makena.gomez@inegi.org.mx
Tiempo dedicado a los servicios no remunerados de los hogares y
aportaciones en las horas dedicadas y en el valor de los servicios
Horas dedicadas a la semana (miles)
Icatus
Denominación
HOMBRES
07
08
TOTAL
HOMBRES
MUJERES
TOTAL
HOMBRES
MUJERES
TOTAL
308,264.4
1,611,485.5
1,919,749.9
16.1
83.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
211,395.2
1,325,581.5
1,536,976.7
13.8
86.2
100.0
68.6
82.3
80.1
Preparación de alimentos
35,964.9
444,752.4
480,717.3
7.5
92.5
100.0
11.7
27.6
25.0
Lavar los trastes
Limpieza de la vivienda
10,401.6
57,042.1
133,328.1
376,547.5
143,729.8
433,589.6
7.2
13.2
92.8
86.8
100.0
100.0
3.4
18.5
8.3
23.4
7.5
22.6
Limpieza de la ropa y calzado
Reparaciones menores y
mantenimiento
Realizar pagos o trámites para el
hogar
Administración y compras
Servicios no remunerados de
cuidado de miembros del
hogar
Cuidado de niños
Cuidados de salud
Cuidados a otros miembros del
hogar
Servicios a la comunidad y a
otros hogares
Ayudar a otros hogares o
familiares
Participar en alguna act social, o
mejoras a la comunidad
30,507.3
246,624.3
277,131.6
11.0
89.0
100.0
9.9
15.3
14.4
22,113.6
5,682.9
27,796.5
79.6
20.4
100.0
7.2
0.4
1.4
7,178.5
48,187.3
8,472.2
110,174.1
15,650.6
158,361.3
45.9
30.4
54.1
69.6
100.0
100.0
2.3
15.6
0.5
6.8
0.8
8.2
82,739.8
54,388.1
6,980.6
263,505.6
181,658.4
17,305.7
346,245.4
236,046.5
24,286.3
23.9
23.0
28.7
76.1
77.0
71.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.8
17.6
2.3
16.4
11.3
1.1
18.0
12.3
1.3
21,371.1
64,541.5
85,912.6
24.9
75.1
100.0
6.9
4.0
4.5
14,129.4
22,398.4
36,527.9
38.7
61.3
100.0
4.6
1.4
1.9
9,422.9
18,840.2
28,263.0
33.3
66.7
100.0
3.1
1.2
1.5
4,706.6
3,558.3
8,264.8
56.9
43.1
100.0
1.5
0.2
0.4
TOTAL
06
MUJERES
Aportaciones al tiempo dedicado %
Servicios Domésticos no
remunerados de los hogares
Fuente: MEGL Estimaciones propias con base en la ENUT y ENIGH2002
26
Puntos de partida
• El trabajo es un factor de producción cuyos
resultados se traducen en bienes y servicios
• El trabajo no remunerado que se realiza en los
hogares para sus propios miembros se
incorpora en actividades productivas cuyo
resultado se traduce en servicios
• Los hogares proporcionan servicios domésticos
y de cuidado de personas a otros hogares
• Servicios comunitarios
• Trabajo voluntario