Waste Water Emissions in Austria
Challenges of Accounting
Michael Nagy
05.04.2004 | Slide 1
Contents of Presentation


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Goals of Emission Indicators in Austria
„Classical“ Policy Demands
Nowadays Policy Demands
Examples
Outlook
Conclusion
05.04.2004 | Slide 2
Goals of Emission Indicators in Austria

To answer national policy relevant questions:

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

Status
Trends
Forecasts
Fulfillment of international reporting exercises:





EU-Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive
EU-Water Framework Directive
EPER  PRTR
Eurostat / OECD Joint Questionnaire on Inland Waters
....
05.04.2004 | Slide 3
“Classical” Policy Demands

“Classical” policy relevant questions:
What is the % of population connected to collecting system and
urban waste water treatment plants?
 Is pollution from urban areas and industry increasing or
decreasing?


“Classical” indicators





Population connected to collecting system and waste water
treatment plants
Waste water quantities (m³) discharged (urban / industry)
Organic pollutants (BOD / COD) discharged (urban / industry)
Nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) discharged (urban / industry)
(Dangerous substances)
05.04.2004 | Slide 4
Characteristics of „Classical“ Waste Water
Indicators

Focus on point sources discharging into surface waters

Policy relevant questions were related to the facts that:
pollution of surface waters stemmed mainly from point sources
 big potential for improvement of treatment technologies and
production processes


Indicators were basis for regulations on limitation of
discharged pollutants (production sector specific),
investments, subsidies and other measures

Indicators were used for monitoring of progress and
assessment of achievement of policy goals
05.04.2004 | Slide 5
„Classical„ Indicator: Connection Rate
100,0
Connection to collecting system
Connection to UWWTPs
90,0
86,0 86,0
80,0
81,5 80,9
75,7
% of population
70,0
71,0
Goal as
defined in
90ies:
achieved
73,5
60,0
60,0
57,9
50,0
50,0
47,9
40,0
30,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
k.A.
k.A.
0,0
1968
1971
1981
1991
1995
1998
2001 | Slide 6
05.04.2004
“Classical” Indicator: Treatment Efficiencies
and Discharges
600.000
551.486
500.000
[t/a]
400.000
300.000
294.863
200.000
100.000
48.744
44.270
13.639
14.003
7.020
1.164
BOD5
COD
Nitrogen
Param eter
Phosphorus
Incoming
Discharged
05.04.2004 | Slide 7
Nowadays Questions (Examples) with
Policy Relevancy

Which measures (as e.g. required according to EU-WFD) are
the most cost-effective ones?

What are the costs to reduce 1 unit of a pollutant discharged
from agriculture / industry / urban areas / ....?

What are the socio-economic effects of measures (to
reduce pressures on waters caused by pollution)?

What are the socio-economic effects originating from
polluted waters?
Health of society
 Economic activities dependent from clean water: e.g. fishery,
drinking water production, tourism,...
 Other uncertain effects of loss of healthy environment

05.04.2004 | Slide 8
Characteristics of nowadays Waste Water
Indicators



Better consideration of diffuse pollution  to
consider ALL sources of pollution
Sector-specific aggregation  link with
economic indicators
Goals




identify cost-efficient measures
assess socio-economic effects
monitor effects of changed production-technologies
...
05.04.2004 | Slide 9
NAMEA-Table Austria („Butterfly – matrix“
on direct discharges))
Economic activities
Economic indicators
Beitrag
Bruttozum BIP
produktionswert
(in Mio. ATS, laufende Preise)
50.446
655
3.077
77.526
in 01 enthalten
in 01 enthalten
1.208
Emissions
Bezeichnung
Beschäftigte NACE
179.368
955
01
02
05
10
2.370
194
11.419
wird nicht abgebaut
310
412
11
12
13
4.332
8.145
4.742
14
55.458
15.064
173.634
17.760
94.254
1.245
15
16
15.598
38.069
31.820
17
Landwirtschaft, Jagd1)
1)
Forstwirtschaft
Fischerei und Fischzucht1)
Kohlenbergbau, Torfgewinnung2)
Erdöl- und Erdgasbergbau, sowie damit
verbundene Dienstleistungen2)
Bergbau auf Uran- und Thoriumerze
Erzbergbau2)
Gewinnung von Steinen und Erden, sonstiger
Bergbau2)
Herstellung von Nahrungs- und Genussmitteln und
Getränken
Tabakverarbeitung
Herstellung von Textilien und Textilwaren (ohne
Bekleidung)
Abwasser
(belastet)
m³/a
CSB
t/a
2.391.573
BSB5
t/a
215
in 01 enthalten
365.000.000
6.242
1
TOC
t/a
60
81
500
0
250
0
31.600
3
0
1
3.840
0
0
0
4.976.967
1
0
0
28.428.628
5.893
2.027
1.964
7.737.846
1.391
281
558
.....
05.04.2004 | Slide 10
COD Emissions (direct discharges)
COD
CSB
50000
Households
45000
40000
Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products (21)
35000
[t/a]
30000
25000
20000
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products (24)
15000
10000
Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities (90)
5000
0
05.04.2004 | Slide 11
01 02 05 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
37 40 41 45 50 51 52 55 60
NACE - Abteilungen
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 70 71
72 73 74 75 80 85 90 91 92
93 95 99
H
Share of COD emissions
Rest
15%
Manufacture of chemicals and
chemical products
5%
Sewage and refuse disposal,
sanitation and similar activities
5%
Private Households
43%
Manufacture of pulp, paper and
paper products
32%
05.04.2004 | Slide 12
Nitrogen Emissions (direct discharges)
Stickstoff
Nitrogen
(total)
40000
Agriculture, hunting and related service activities (01)
35000
30000
[t/a]
25000
20000
15000
10000
Forestry (02)
Households
5000
05.04.2004 | Slide 13
0
01 02 05 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
37 40 41 45 50 51 52 55 60
NACE - Abteilungen
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 70 71
72 73 74 75 80 85 90 91 92
93 95 99
H
Share of Nitrogen emissions
Manufacture of chemicals and
chemical products
4%
Rest
5%
Private Households
15%
Forestry
16%
Agriculture, hunting
60%
05.04.2004 | Slide 14
Chrome Emissions (direct discharges)
Chrom
Chrome
1400
Manufacture of other non-metallic
mineral products (26)
1200
Manufacture of basic metals (27)
1000
[kg/a]
800
Manufacture of textiles (17)
600
Leather
Leder
(19)
400
200
05.04.2004 | Slide 15
0
01
02 05
10 11
12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25
26 27
28 29
30 31
32 33
34 35
36
37 40
41 45
NACE - Abteilungen
50 51
52 55
60 61
62 63
64
65 66
67 70
71 72
73 74
75 80
85 90
91
92 93
95 99
H
Share of Chrome Emissions
Rest
7%
Tanning and dressing of
leather
13%
Manufacture of basic metals
34%
Manufacture of textiles
16%
Manufacture of other nonmetallic mineral products
30%
05.04.2004 | Slide 16
Data Collection

A lot of „historically grown” data collections exist:
National Accounts
 Every-day water management
 National reports on the status of the environment
 International reporting obligations (WFD, UWWTD, EPER,...)


To further develop emission accounts
Demonstrate usefulness to policy makers (e.g. for purposes of
EU-WFD)
2. Use already existing data collections as far as possible (usually
legally binding)
3. Modify data collections (and their legal basis) where this is
necessary (coverage, sector-specific aggregation)
1.
05.04.2004 | Slide 17
Outlook

Emission accounts project in 2006:
Use of data of the Austrian Emission Inventory on Surface
Waters (developed according to EU-WFD, covers “significant”
point sources and diffuse sources) for NAMEA-Water Emissions
(2004-2005 data)
 Develop methodology for consistent time-series based on WFDdata


Overall goal: Regular update on the basis of WFD-data
05.04.2004 | Slide 18
Conclusion



Emission accounts are addressing nowadays policy-relevant
questions
Existing data collection system is not very flexible – use of
existing data sets as far as possible
Promotion of usefulness of (emission) accounts is very
important:
discussion of costs and benefits of measures
 discussion with different stakeholders (e.g. agriculture versus
industry as polluters of waters)
 monitoring of environmental efficiency
 definition of policy goals

05.04.2004 | Slide 19