FRAMEWORK FOR COMPETITION REFORMS (FCR) Rijit Sengupta CREW NRG-II Meeting 2nd July 2014, New Delhi OUTLINE • Background (Competition Reforms) • What is FCR? • Components of FCR • FCR & CREW Findings (Photo: Neha Tomar) 2 Background “If countries eliminated policies and practices that distort competition, they could grow rapidly”, Power of Productivity, William W Lewis (2004) - Many DCs/LDCs have adopted competition laws in last decade - However implementation remains limited - Policies affect competition, markets remain concentrated and anti-competitive practices prevail - Benefits of competition don’t accrue to consumers, producers - Low level of understanding and attention of key stakeholders - Benefits of introducing competition reforms needs to be demonstrated 3 Components of Competition Reforms ‘Competition Reforms’ encompass: (i) Enabling government policies (ii) Well-designed regulatory framework, empowered institution (iii) Functional competition regime (policy/law/agency) 4 Framework for Competition Reforms (FCR) • A guide to plan, execute, evaluate & rectify competition reforms in DCs PLAN RECTIFY EXECUTE EVALUATE (Re: Shewart Cycle that is used in business management as a tool for continuous improvement of products/processes) 5 FCR (contd.) • Developed for a specific market • To help key stakeholders appreciate benefits of competition reforms on consumers and/or producers • Lead to greater attention to the issue - as part of economic planning and reforms in DCs • Incorporate experience/research findings under CREW 6 FCR Preparatory Work • Need a competition champion to lead • Formation of a small but decisive team (CRFT) • Identify need for competition reforms • Identify the sector/market to be reformed • Assess ‘state of the art’ (review of sector, concerns for consumers/producers) (Photo: Shreya Kaushik) 7 Steps of FCR • Planning • Executing • Evaluating • Rectifying 8 FCR Step 1: Planning • Identify relevant reforms (policies, legislations, statues, programmes) in the selected market • Understand implications of these reforms on market composition • Highlight reform intentions (consumers and/or producers welfare) • Select indicators of consumer and producer welfare • Prepare a methodology and analytical plan (data collection and analysis) 9 FCR Step 2: Executing • From the set of selected reforms narrow down to those having pro-competitive or anti-competitive market outcomes • Gather relevant secondary literature/information and primary data on indicators of consumer & producer welfare • Interpret current levels of consumer and producer welfare resulting from these reforms (qualitative + quantitative) • Highlight prevailing concerns vis-à-vis selected reforms (qualitative + quantitative) 10 FCR Step 3: Evaluating • Link consumer and producer welfare or concerns with market composition resulting from reforms Reform Market Composition Consumer/ Producer Impact • Record suggestions from consumers, producers, key stakeholders for amendments • Identify political economy issues in sectors • Generate a body of evidence • Start engaging with CRFT members with results 11 FCR Step 4: Rectifying • Review and discuss results (consumer & producer impacts) • Plan a process for initiating corrective measures • Develop a M&E framework to assess and report consumer and producer impacts after ‘corrective measures’ are taken 12 Developing FCR based on CREW findings • • • • Development of outline of FCR Draft sectoral FCR (based on CREW experience) Incorporation of stakeholders’ views to make adjustments Draft FCR (each sector) shared with NRG members in NRG-III and subsequent finalisation • Used to elicit interest among government/stakeholders for FCR in other sectors/countries 13 Thank You www.cuts-ccier.org/CREW rsg@cuts.org (Photo: Rijit Sengupta) 14