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Objectives
• Identify the events that led to the War
Hawks’ call for war.
• Analyze the major battles and conflicts of the
War of 1812.
• Explain the significance of the War of 1812.
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Terms and People
•
Tecumseh – Shawnee who attempted to unite
the Indian nations to resist expansion by settlers
•
Battle of Tippecanoe – Gov. William Henry
Harrison defeated the Shawnee in 1811
•
War Hawks – nationalistic western and southern
Congressmen who urged war with Britain in 1812
•
War of 1812 – war with Britain, 1812-1815
•
Andrew Jackson – defeated the Creek and
Seminole Indians and then the British at New
Orleans
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Terms and People
(continued)
•
Francis Scott Key – penned “The Star Spangled
Banner” during the British attack on Fort McHenry
•
“The Star-Spangled Banner” – Key’s poem that
later became the national anthem
•
Battle of New Orleans – American victory by
Andrew Jackson routing the British in January 1815
•
Treaty of Ghent – treaty ending the War of 1812
•
Hartford Convention – meeting of New England
Federalists who opposed the War of 1812
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Why did the United States go to war
with Britain, and what was the
outcome of that war?
In 1812, the United States found itself
involved in a major war that tested its
strength and the solidarity of its people.
Americans managed to fight the war and get
the country back on track in its aftermath.
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Americans faced trouble
from Native Americans.
• Shawnee warrior Tecumseh and his brother tried to
unite Native Americans to fight American expansion.
• Following victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in
1811, William Henry Harrison burned Prophetstown,
Tecumseh’s village.
• Westerners blamed the British in Canada for arming
the Indians, and demanded action.
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In 1811, the
War Hawks
took the lead
in Congress.
• They were led by John C.
Calhoun of South Carolina
and Henry Clay of Kentucky.
• They denounced Britain’s
impressment of U.S. sailors
and its support for Native
Americans.
• They believed an invasion of
Canada would stop British aid
to the Indians and force
Britain to respect America
at sea.
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The War of
1812 began
when Congress
declared war in
June 1812.
• But the nation was totally
unprepared with only a
small army and navy.
• Thomas Jefferson advised
Madison that an invasion
of Canada would be easy.
• He proved wrong
and repeated attempts to
invade Canada failed.
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Early on the British were occupied in Europe,
allowing several American victories.
The small American
navy did surprisingly
well.
Americans won
several victories
against Native
Americans.
In 1814, Andrew
Jackson defeated
the Creek in
Alabama.
• The U.S.S. Constitution defeated H.M.S.
Guerrière
• Oliver Hazard Perry defeated a British
fleet on Lake Erie.
• In 1813, Harrison killed Tecumseh who
was aiding the British.
• But attacks on Canada failed
• Jackson defeated the Seminoles and
seized a fort at Pensacola.
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In 1814,
Britain
defeated
France and
then launched
a four-part
offensive in
America.
1
A second army invaded New
2 York from Montreal but was
British troops occupied
eastern Maine.
turned back.
3
A third force invaded
Maryland, burning
Washington D.C., but failed
to take Baltimore.
4
A fourth Army headed to
New Orleans. They would
be routed by Andrew
Jackson.
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The Americans’
worst humiliation
came when
British troops
burned the White
House and
Capitol.
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The
Treaty of
Ghent
ended the
war.
• Both sides agreed to return
to pre-war boundaries.
• A commission was set up to
discuss any future boundary
disputes.
• Impressment and American
neutrality were not
discussed.
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Several events of the War of 1812
fostered American pride.
The British failure to take Fort McHenry in
Baltimore inspired Francis Scott Key to
write “The Star-Spangled Banner.”
In January 1815, Andrew Jackson crushed
the British in the Battle of New Orleans.
The battle took place after the war had
officially ended. News of a treaty had not
yet arrived.
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The war was not popular with everyone.
A group of Federalists held the Hartford
Convention in December 1814 to consider secession
and making a separate peace with Britain.
After the Treaty of Ghent, these Federalists were
discredited as traitors and by 1820,
the Federalist Party had disappeared.
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The War of 1812
The
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