Chapter 3
Section 1 An Empire &
its Colonies
►England
prizes its colonies
because…
Supplied food & raw material
Bought large amounts of
English goods
The English Civil War
►2
opponents
 King Charles I & Parliament
►Charles demanded money from
towns & cities without Parliament’s
consent
►Parliament
thought Charles was
attempting to limit the powers of
Parliament & the rights of English
property owners
►Parliament army defeated the King’s
& ordered Charles’ execution in
January 1649
►Oliver Cromwell became head of the
government until his death in 1658
►In
1660, Parliament restored
the monarchy by placing
Charles II on the throne
Mercantilism
►The
theory of mercantilism
 The more gold & silver a country
has, the wealthier & more powerful
it would be
 Only way was through trade
►Balance of trade
►Nations
should have colonies where it
could harvest raw materials & sell
products
►The right to make goods for sale
should be reserved for the parent
country
 Colonies would not be allowed to
trade with other nations or
manufacture goods for them
Effects of Trade laws
►England
thought it was necessary to
have as many colonies as possible
►1660- Navigation Act was revised
►Tightened England’s control over
trade
►Required the colonies to sell certain
goods only to England
 Sugar, tobacco, & cotton
►If
they wanted to sell to other
countries, they paid a duty to
England first
►Had to use English ships for all
trade
►Discouraged trade with other
nations
Effects on War & Politics
►More
fighting over territory & trade
►Tightening control of colonies
 King James II created the Dominion
of New England
►Abolished legislature within the
Dominion & replace them with a
governor & a council appointed by
him
Anger in the Colonies
►Edmund
Andros- governor of the
Dominion
 Collected taxes without approval of
King or colonists
 Religious tolerance
►Parliament replaced King James II with
his daughter Mary & husband William
because of religious differences
(Glorious Revolution)
►Colonists
held a mini rebellion
imprisoning Andros
 William & Mary dissolved the
Dominion
 Massachusetts new charter
allowed the king to appoint a
royal governor
Britain’s Colonial Policy in the Early
1700’s
►Origins
of self government
 Three types of colonies (all over
time become a royal colony with
a royal governor)
►Royal
►Proprietary
►Charter
►In
most colonies a governor acted as
the chief executive
 Colonial legislature served under the
governor
 Most consisted of an advisory
council
►Upper house appointed by king
►Lower house elected by the
people (White, male, land owners)
►Legislature
created & passed
laws, set salaries for royal
officials, & influenced
appointments of judges
Salutary Neglect
►Question
to think about: Why
did the British government allow
the colonists freedom to make their
own decisions?
►England
had the tradition of strong
local government & weak central
power
►British government lacked the
resources & the bureaucracy to
enforce its wishes
►Existing economy & politics of the
colonists already served British
interests
Diverse Colonial Economies
►The
southern colonies
 Staple crops
 VA & NC- tobacco
 SC & GA- rice
►16.9 million pounds in 1730’s
►83.8 million pounds in 1770’s
 Slave labor
The Middle Colonies
►Mixture
of farming & commerce
 Wheat, barley, & rye
►Philadelphia is the first port of
entry for Germans & Scotch- Irish
coming as indentured servants
►Pennsylvania
& New York –diverse
 English, Dutch, French, Scots,
Irish, Scotch- Irish, Germans,
Swedes, Portuguese, Jews,
Welsh, Africans, & Native
American
The New England Colonies
►Small
farms & towns dependent on
long distance trade
►China, books, & cloth from England
to the West Indies
 Transport sugar from West Indies
back to New England
►Traded
the rum
& firearms for
slaves in West
Africa
►Carried the
slaves to the
West Indies for
more sugar
►Triangular Trade