Unit 1: Chemistry
and Matter
Ms. Knick
HASD
What is Chemistry?
• Chemistry is the study of the
composition, structure, and
properties of matter and the
changes it undergoes
5 Branches of Chemistry
1. Organic Chemistry- The study of most
carbon containing compounds.
Example: C6H12O6 (Sugar)
5 Branches of Chemistry
2. Inorganic Chemistry- The study of all
substances that do not contain carbon.
Example: H2O (Water)
5 Branches of Chemistry
3. Physical Chemistry- the study of the
properties, changes, and relationship
between energy and matter
5 Branches of Chemistry
4. Analytical chemistry- the identification of
the components and composition of
materials.
5 Branches of Chemistry
5. Biochemistry- the study of substances
and processes occurring in living things.
Example: Photosynthesis
Matter and Properties
• Mass is the measure of the amount of matter.
• Matter is anything that has mass and volume
(occupies space).
Examples: You, me, your desk, air,
smoke, water vapor.
• .
Pure Matter
• Two types:
1. Elements
2. Compounds
Pure Matter
• An element is a pure substance made of only
one kind of atom. They are organized in the
Periodic Table.
•
A Compound is a substance that is
made from the atoms of two or more
elements that are chemically bonded.
Example: NaCl (two elements JOINED together)
Impure Matter
• A mixture is impure matter
• A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds
of matter, each of which retains its
own identity and properties and
can be separated physically.
•
Mixtures
• Two types of mixtures:
1. Heterogeneous
2. Homogeneous
Homogeneous (also known as
solutions) have uniform composition
throughout. Examples: air, sugar in
water, stainless steel.
Heterogeneous are not uniform.
Examples: granite, wood
Homogeneous vs.
Heterogeneous
Separation Techniques
• A mixture can be separated using physical
means.
•
Separation Techniques include using:
•
A magnet
•
Evaporation
•
Distillation
•
Chromatography
•
Centrifugation
•
Separating Funnel
Distillation
15
Filtration
16
Physical Properties
• Physical properties can be observed or
measured without altering the identity
of a material.
Example: color, texture, melting point,
state of matter.
3 states of matter
1. Solids have definite shape and
volume. Particles are packed closely
together.
2. Liquids have definite volume but, no
shape
3. Gases have neither a definite
volume nor definite shape.
States of Matter
Physical Changes
• Physical change is any change that
does NOT result in a change in identity.
Examples cutting wire, crushing a solid,
gas expanding.
•
Changes in state of matter is a
physical change. Example: melting,
boiling, freezing.
Chemical Properties
• Chemical Properties relates to a
substances ability to undergo changes that
alters its identity.
•
Example a chemical’s reactivity.
Chemical Change
• Chemical change is when a substance
is converted into different substance.
Examples milk souring, leaves
changing color in the fall.
• The process CANNOT be reversed.
Signs of a Chemical Change
1. Color Change
2. Heat and/or light is produced
3. Bubbles form (gas)
4. A precipitate is produced
–
(A precipitate is a solid)
The Periodic Table
• Periodic table of elements is divided into
small squares that have one element in
each square.
•
Elements have been named from
their Latin meaning, places,
famous scientists and from
mythology.
• Family or groups- vertical columns (18)
• Period- horizontal rows (7)
• Metals- ductile, malleable, lustrous,
conduct heat and electricity, high tensile
strength
• Nonmetals- brittle, dull, poor conductor
• Metalloids (also known as semimetals)- have some characteristics of
metals and nonmetals.