Doryphoros
Kleobis & Biton
Menkaure, Hathor, and
Cynopolite Nome
King Minos’ Palace at Knossos on
Crete
Plan: Palace of Minos
Mycenaen Lion Gate
Hermes by Praxiteles
Archeological Museum, Olympia
• 343 BCE
• 7 ft. high
Epidauros
Aphrodite of Arles
• Praxiteles introduced
the idea of showing
goddesses nude to
reveal their sexual
nature.
Discobolus
• Balance, harmony, simplicity of surface,
proportion, excellence,
virtue, beauty, humanism,
glory, justice, order,
courage, rational thinking,
intelligence
Aspasia
• Roman Copy
• Philosopher
• Teacher
• Pericles is
Associated with her.
Socrates, 469-399 Short, stocky, muscular, potbellied, snub-nosed, and bald
Plato, Socrates’ pupil
• Psyche is seat of intelligence / character
• Immortal and immutable—stays in
memory
• Idealism: eternal perfection, pure ideas
untainted by material reality
• Invisible world of eternal Forms or Ideas
• Psyche trapped in material world and
physical body glimpses higher order
Plato continued
• Advocated sex for procreation
• Severe discipline in physical and mental
training – like intellectual boot camp
• Intellectual pursuit of Form or Idea of
Beauty, Justice, Love through study of
mathematics.
• Leads to superior knowledge
• City leaders should be Philosopher Kings
• All results from rational thinking
Aristotle, Plato’s pupil
• Happiness – every living thing wants to be
happy; represents the GOOD
• Animals
– Lion tries to kill gazelle
– Gazelle tries to run away
– Both actions are good because natural
– Animals can’t do wrong because ruled by
instinct by choice
Aristotle continued
• People – ruled by reason/choice
• Above animals because they can control
emotions and instincts (logic).
• Logic makes us human
• A GOOD human
– Doing what is right more than not doing what
is wrong
• To be good is the same as being
excellent—arete
• People must also be good human beings
by choice; that places them above animals
– Must be governed by reason, not by instincts
or emotions
– Avoid extremes of behavior; act in moderation
– Extremes are bad
– Middle choice is good = VIRTUE
• Only humans can achieve virtue, not
animals, because people choose
• Being virtuous is being truly human
• Virtues are learned through doing them
over and over until they become a habit
• Children must be taught the right behavior
• Nature/nurture argument today.
• What is greatest? Nature? Nurture? Peers.
Athena
• Roman copy of 5th
century sculpture
Phidias was sculptor
who signed the original
Athena
• Phidias
in 5th Century Athens
• Roman copy
• The six statues of women who hold up
Doric architecture in the Acropolis were
of six graceful women from the island
of Karyai, chosen for their beauty and
most visibly showing the classical
qualities of dignity, serenity, beauty and
finery. They are among the most
photographed artifacts of Athens.
•
Sappho
Poets Sappho and Alcaeus
450 BCE
Vase, about 440-430 BCE, from the
Polygnotos workshop, Athens
• Sappho reading
to students or
friends.
Sappho
• Pompeii
• 60 CE
Sappho
• One of the best known images of the poet
• Classical revival style by German sculptor
von Dannecker.
• 1800
Sappho and Phaon
• Jacques Louis David
• Neoclassical
• Scroll of her
verse that praises
Phaon
Death of Sappho
Daumier 1846
Metopes: conflicts between men and enemies
(centaurs, for example)
Frieze: colorful
procession climaxing
Athena’s festival, the
Great Panathenaia
Pediments: on either end (East:
Athena) (West: struggle
between Athena & Poseidon)