Fort Sumter
• Several forts in Confederate states
• Allowed soldiers to choose
• Last two-Ga. And S.C.
We Need HELP!
• Reinforcements
• Supplies
Boom,boom!
Crunch, crunch!
• Major Robert Anderson
“Our Flag Was Still There”
A new flag was there!
North wants war!
• 70,000 volunteers
• War is to haul the South back into the Union
Be the Northern Commander
Now there are 11!
Other Changes in the Confederacy
• New capitol too!
• Richmond, Virginia!
Lincoln has to make some moves!
Lincoln suspends habeas corpus in Maryland
Strategy
Anaconda Plan
Southern Advantages
• Best generals
• Lee, Jackson
• Cause of self determination from the beginning
• Defensive war
• Did not have to win
• Stalemate would be OK
BIG PROBLEM!
• The South could not get it’s people to plant foodstuffs instead of cotton!!!
Northern Advantages
Compare the two
General Irvin McDowell
Battle of First Bull Run
Battle of Manassas
• McDowell
• Beauregard
• Routed the Confederate troops
• Stonewall Jackson
• Victory for the Confederacy
Rea d
George McClellan
Dear General McClellan:
• Inactivity was irritating Lincoln
• “If you don’t want to use the army, I should like to borrow it.”
• Yours respectfully, A. Lincoln
East
West
Go to Richmond!
• Stuck at Yorktown
Shiloh
Pittsburgh Landing
Albert Sidney Johnston
What a difference
a day makes!
So many dead…
• The final number of dead or missing was 13,000 on the Union side and 10,500
on the Confederate side.
• There were more men dead after Shiloh than all the dead of all other American
wars.
Complete Conquest!
Grant has to go to Memphis!
New Orleans taken
Best bullet taken for my country
Go on to Richmond!
• 7 Days Battles
• North-5 days
• South-2 days
• Could see the steeples in Richmond
• Civil War Animated
McClellan
went back to DC
• "If we have lost the day we have yet preserved our honor & no one need blush
for the Army of the Potomac. I have lost this battle because my force was too
small. I again repeat that I am not responsible for this & I say it with the
earnestness of a General who feels in his heart the loss of every brave man who
has been needlessly sacrificed today
Did you take Richmond?
• No.
• Lincoln got rid of McClellan
Emancipation Proclamation
The New Guy in Town
• John Pope
• No match for Lee
• Met at the 2nd Battle of Manassas
• Lee pulverized Pope
Lee is desperate!
Offensive war?
• Needs supplies
• Needs Maryland to secede
• Needs help from Europe
• Had been using “King Cotton Diplomacy”
• Needs to draw troops away from Richmond
McClellan is back!
Unfortunately.
• Antietam
• Sharpsburg
• September, 1862
6am in the cornfield
Dunker Church
9:30-1:00
Sunken Road
Burnside and the Bridge
10 am
Not much changed, but…
Bloodiest day of the war
Please go after Lee
• Lincoln traveled to Antietam
• McClellan refused
• McClellan is out for good
• Burnside is the new commander
Victory for the North?
My Son is coming home!!!!!!!!
“Dead of Antietam”
• Matthew Brady
• Photographer of the Civil war
• Brought the war to the people
Burnside is in charge now.
• Attacks Lee at Fredericksburg
• December, 1862
• What a mistake!
Fredericksburg!
What a slaughter!
•
“A chicken could not live on that field when we open on it!”
Simply Murder
• Union-12,000
• Confederate 5,000
• “General Jackson, How are we going to stop all this?”
• “Kill ‘em. Kill ‘em all.”
1862
Stalemate!
• Let the South go!
The average soldier
Stats
• White
• Native-born
• Farmer
• Protestant
• 18-29
Wages of War
• $11
• $16
• $10
Leisure time?
• Lots of it
• Gambled
• Drilled
• Played cards
OH be joyful
•
•
•
•
Bark Juice
Turpentine
Rubbing alcohol
Raw meat for flavor
The Draft!
Weapons
You wished for death
• Initially there were about 90 physicians (called “surgeons”) in the Union army
and 24 in the Confederate army.
"at the end of the medical Middle Ages."
Stonewall’s arm
Death!
Women’s role!
Others
• Sarah Emma Edmonds Seelye
•
•
•
•
•
Dr. Mary Walker
Surgeon in the Civil War, was awarded the nation's highest honor by President
Andrew Johnson
Purge of 1917
Reinstated by Jimmy Carter
BUT…
Most women had supportive roles
As Nurses
Angels on the Battlefield
Dorothea Dix
Clara Barton
Black Soldiers
“Colored troops”
West Point Angle
•
• Gettysburg
More…
• Nellie, why didn’t you marry him?
1863
The turning point of the war
• Though Lincoln had always found slavery morally repugnant, he consistently
stated that the Civil War was being fought solely for the purpose of restoring
the Union.
• Emancipation Proclamation
• Freed the slaves under Confederate control
Emancipation Proclamation
Another new guy
• “Fighting Joe” Hooker
Chancellorsville
Lee’s Masterpiece
Old Stonewall is dead
A Better Grave
Let’s try again!
• Still need supplies
• Still needs to draw Union troops away from the South
• Thought a Confederate victory on Union soil would make the Northern people
sue for peace.
A Little Town called Gettysburg
• Destroy the railroad bridge at Harrisburg, then "turn my attention to
Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Washington as may seem best for our interest.“
ANOTHER New Guy?
• Lee’s army was spread out
• While “exploring” the town of Gettysburg, the South ran into the North
July 1, 1863
• Lee won the day and the town
• Meade set up in the hills around the town.
• Lee set up on the flat areas.
July 2, 1863
• Bloodiest of the three-day battle--over half of the casualties
• Lack of good communication would prove to be the Confederate’s undoing
• But, they almost did it anyway!
Devil’s Den
Slaughter Pen
Little Round Top
“hold at all hazards”
• Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and men from the 20th Maine
July 3, 1863
• Go up through the center
• Toward the copse of trees
• One mile of open field
• In 50 minutes, the Confederacy lost 10,000 men
James Longstreet
Pickett’s Charge
After Gettysburg
• Over 51,000 casualties
• Over 5,000 dead horses
• Lee had a line of retreat over 17 miles
• Meade did not pursue
1913 Tent Camp
Swapping Stories
Devil’s Den
Pickett’s Charge
Pickett’s Charge
Vicksburg is" the key”
• "The war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket."
Vicksburg
• Grant and Pemberton’s forces
• 50,000 each.
• “Settle down to regular siege operations.“
• (Pemberton could not get supplies in and no Confederate could get out.)
After weeks…
• Grant knew Pemberton would not last long
• Received reinforcements to increase Union numbers to 70,000 to
Pemberton’s 30,000 Confederates.
Let’s hide!
• The siege cut off all supplies going into the city
• Constant hammering of siege artillery
Vicksburg falls
July 4, 1863
The Western campaign
• Read about Chickamauga
• C-p420
• R-go online
• Read about the Battle of Chattanooga
• C-p 421
• R-p.303
Gettysburg Address
• “Four score and seven years ago…”
1864
Sherman
• We can make war so terrible," he said, "and make them so sick of war that
generations pass away before they again appeal to it."
1864 Election
• Abraham Lincoln (IL)
Andrew Johnson
• National Union
(Republican)
• "Don't change horses in the middle of the stream,“
• George B. McClellan (NY)
• Democratic
Sheridan and the Shenandoah
The Month of May,1864
Cold Harbor
• Cold Harbor
• June 3rd
• 7,000 men died in 5 minutes
• Hundreds of wounded Federal soldiers remained on the battlefield for four
days as Grant and Lee negotiated a cease-fire. Few survived the ordeal.
Grant
• "I have always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made...
no advantage whatever was gained to compensate for the heavy loss we
sustained. Indeed, the advantages, other than those of relative losses, were on
the Confederate side." (Grant, Ch. 55)
The Butcher
• After one month, Grant had lost 50,000 men
• The people wanted Grant's head
• Lincoln kept him
What about the election?
March to the sea
• destruction of "…all public property not needed by your command, all
foundries, mills, workshops, warehouses, railroad depots…"
1865
• January 31, 1865--13th Amendment passed
• SLAVERY IS OVER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Petersburg
• Trench warfare
• Found the very old and the very young
“The Crater”
• Burnside’s idea
• Construct and explode a mine underneath the ground
Civil War Animated
Saddest affair I have ever witnessed in the war."
• Federals-went into the crater
• After nearly ten hours of fighting and a combined cost of nearly 6,000 lives,
nothing had changed tactically.
Petersburg falls
• Abandoning Petersburg, Lee begins to retreat westward toward Amelia
Courthouse
• Can’t protect Richmond
• Davis had to leave the capitol.
Richmond falls
It’s over!
• Lee knew it was over
• Trying to get around the army of the Potomac and join Confederates in NC
• Sandwiched between Sheridan and Grant
Appomattox Courthouse
Palmito Ranch
Palmito Hill Texas
American Civil War
May 12-13, 1865
Last Civil War Battle
• Confederate victory
What happened to them?
Robert E. Lee
•
•
•
President of Washington College
Died in 1870
Lee's full USA citizenship was restored posthumously in 1975, by an act of the
U.S. Congress, following the discovery of his oath of allegiance by an employee
of the National Archives in 1970
• Pardoned of all wrong doing by President Jimmy Carter.
Arlington National Cemetery
Ulysses S. Grant
• President from 1868-1876
• Wrote his memoirs
• Died of cancer in 1885
George Pickett
• Never forgave Lee
•
•
•
“That old man had my men killed”
Insurance Salesman
Died in1875
William Tecumseh Sherman
• Stayed in the army
• Helped with the building of the transcontinental railroad
• Last of the high command of the Union
• Died in NY in 1891
James Longstreet
• Grant’s friend at West Point
• Minister to Turkey
• Commissioner in the RR
• Talked openly about Lee’s mistakes at Gettysburg.
• Called a traitor by the South
• January 2, 1904, the last of the high command of the Confederacy.
George McClellan
• Chief engineer of the New York Department of Docks (1870-72)
• President of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad
• Governor of New Jersey from 1878 to 1881.
• Died on 29th October, 1885, in Orange, New Jersey
Jefferson Davis
Abraham Lincoln
• The spirit that guided him was clearly that of his Second Inaugural Address,
now inscribed on one wall of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D. C.: "With
malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives
us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the
nation's wounds.... "