Weekend Cabin Retreat Project Elevations Sacramento City College EDT 300/ENGR 306

Weekend Cabin Retreat Project

Elevations

Sacramento City College

EDT 300/ENGR 306

EDT 300 - Elevations 1

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Objectives



List exterior elevation features.



Show elevation dimensions.



Show elevation symbols.



Draw typical exterior elevations.

EDT 300 - Elevations

Elevations



An elevation is

 an orthographic projection (drawing)

 that shows one side of the building.



The term "elevation" usually refers to an exterior elevation.

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

Various interior elevations may be drawn, but they are usually considered to be details.


Elevations



Elevations

 Show the finished appearance of a given side of the building.

 Show vertical height dimensions.

4 EDT 300 - Elevations






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Elevations



Four elevations are customarily drawn

 One elevation for each side of the house.



More than four elevations may be required to describe some structures.


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Elevation Drawings



Elevation drawings provide

 Height information about basic features of the house that cannot be shown very well on other drawings.

 Exterior materials information such as

 Siding and

 Roof covering.


Elevation Drawing Information

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

Elevation drawings must include:

 Identification of the specific side of the house that the elevation represents.

 Grades.

 Finished floor and ceiling levels.

 Location of exterior wall corners.

 Windows and doors.

 Roof features.

 Vertical dimensions of important features.

 Porches, decks and patios.

 Material symbols.


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Elevation Identification



Identify each elevation as to the particular wall it represents.

 North Elevation

 South Elevation

 East Elevation

 West Elevation





Two methods commonly used for identifying elevations

 1. Front, Rear, Right Side, and Left Side

 2. North, South, East, and West


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

Front, Rear, Right Side, and Left Side designation is preferred by most designers.



There is a possibility of confusion when specifying directions.


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

The right and left side elevations are determined by facing the front of the building.

 The right side elevation is on the right side.

(!)



Identify each elevation below the drawing to avoid confusion.


Grade Lines, Floors, Ceilings



The reference point for most elevations is the grade line.



Study the plot or site plan to determine the existing grade along each exterior wall of the house.

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

If the existing grade is not satisfactory, a final grade line must be indicated on each elevation affected.



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

Indicate the desired elevation height of the grade at each corner of the house.



Record this information on

 The Plot Plan

 The Elevation Drawing if the site is not relatively level.


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

Below grade features should be drawn in hidden lines.

 Foundation walls.

 Footings.

 Window wells (areaways).


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

Floor-to-ceiling height is an important feature of the elevation.



Two methods of representing this height are commonly used.



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

First Method:

 Indicate the finished floor-to-finished ceiling distance.

 The floor and ceiling are represented using a center line symbol.

 First floor finished floor to finished ceiling is

8'-0"

 Second floor finished floor to finished ceiling is 7'-6" or 8'0”.





First Method:

 For EDT 300, use THIS METHOD.


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

Second Method:

 Show the construction dimension, measured from the top of the subfloor to the top of the wall plate.

 The construction dimension

 First floor 8'-1 1/2"

 Second floor: 7'-7 1/2" or 8'- 1 1/2"

 Carpenters usually prefer the this method because it does not require them to do any calculation.


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

Garage ceilings

 minimum recommended height is 8'-O".



Basements

 Minium clear headroom space of at least

6'2”.

 All beams and heating ducts must be above this height.

 A full height ceiling is more desirable and should be specified where practical.


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

Most codes require that the top of the foundation wall be at least 8" above the grade.

 This is to protect the framing members from moisture.

 Also helps deter insect entry into home.





The garage floor

 may be slightly higher than the grade,

 but should be at least 4" lower than an interior floor when the garage is attached to the house.





Walls, Windows, and Doors



All visible wall corners are shown on the elevation using object lines.



In rare instances it may be desirable to show hidden walls.


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

Exterior windows and doors must be included on the elevation.



Project from the floor plan for window and door location.



The vertical height is shown only on the elevation drawing.


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

Place tops of windows the same height as the tops of doors.

 The lower face of the head jamb is considered the height of the opening.

 Tops of doors and windows is usually 6'-

10" from the top of the subfloor.


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

Windows and Doors

 Show sufficient detail on windows and doors to accurately indicate details.

 If windows are hinged, show the swing using the proper symbol.

 If the windows or doors have brick mold or other trim, then show this on the elevation.





Windows and Doors

 Show the window and door identification symbols on the elevation plan and floor plan.


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Roof Features



Roof

 Showing roof features on an elevation drawing is important.

 The roof style and pitch are shown.

 The chimney height and size are shown.


Roof Features



The roof pitch may be indicated using the fractional pitch or slope triangle.



The slope triangle is usually preferred.


Roof Features



The slope triangle can be thought of as

 Rise to run



5” vertical rise for every 12” horizontal run.


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Roof Features - Chimney



Chimneys

 When they intersect the roof, they require more than one view to determine the points where they pass through the roof.

 Draw the view where the roof slope is shown first.

 This view will indicate where the chimney passes through the roof.

 These points may then be projected to other views.


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

Chimneys

 The chimney height above the highest roof point must be dimensioned.

 A minimum height of the chimney above the ridge is usually 2'-0".


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

Other Items shown on elevation

 Chimney flashing,

 Roof covering material, and

 Gable ventilators

 are also shown on the elevation.



Use proper symbols and adequate dimensions and notes on the drawings.


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Dimensions, Notes, and Symbols



Elevation Drawing Dimensions

 are mainly vertical height dimensions.

 Dimension:

 Thickness of the footing.

 Distance from the footing to the grade.

 Finished floor-to-finished ceiling distances.

 Overhang width.

 Height of the top of windows and doors.

 Height of chimney above the roof.





Other dimensions may be required:

 Deck railing.

 Retaining walls.

 Planters.


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

Notes

 Include where additional information is needed.

 Some typical elevation drawing notes:

 Grade information.

 Exterior wall material notation.

 Roof covering material identification.

 Fascia material.

 flashing material.

 Other notes may be required for specific situations.


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

Symbols

 are commonly used on elevations.

 Roof Pitch Symbol

 The roof pitch symbol is always shown

 Exterior Wall Covering Symbol

 The exterior wall covering is usually symbolized.

 Brick, siding, etc


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

Symbols

 Show material symbols extensively on the front elevation.

 Show materials sparingly on the remaining views.

 Left

 Right

 Rear


Procedure for Drawing Elevations


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Floor Plan vs Elevations



The floor plan

 shows the width and depth of a house plan and

 the interior features.



The elevations

 show the width and height of the house and

 its exterior features.


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Drawings



When designing a house

 The floor plan is usually designed first.

 The elevations are then projected and designed from the floor plan.



Following these procedural steps will insure an accurate and fast layout for the elevation design.


Drawing Elevations


Drawing Elevations - Step 1



Tape the finished floor plan to the top of the drawing board, above a blank drawing format for the elevation drawings.



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

On the blank new sheet, lay out all the horizontal heights for:

 The finish grade.

 Floor line.

 Depth and thickness of footings.

 Window and door heights.

 Ceiling line.

 Eaves line.

 Ridge line/board.

 Top of chimney.



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

Project the length from the floor plan of:

 Walls.

 Windows.

 Doors.

 Chimney.



The lengths of these items have already been determined on the floor plan.



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

Darken in each feature.

 Windows, doors, etc



Remove construction lines.



Complete the roof design



Add details such as:

 Trim details.

 Gable ventilators.

 Window wells.

 Dimensions.


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

Add dimensions, notes and symbols.



Draw material symbols legend as the last item since it may interfere with other information.


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

Check the drawing to make sure all features are shown.



Repeat these steps for every elevation.



Draw two elevations on one sheet if space permits.








Floor

Plan

Elevation

Plan


Floor

Plan

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Elevation

Plan



Floor

Plan

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Elevation

Plan


Floor

Plan

71

Elevation

Plan


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Floor

Plan

Elevation

Plan


Usually TWO elevations are shown on one sheet


Weekend Cabin Retreat Project Elevations Sacramento City College EDT 300/ENGR 306

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