Membrane
Reactor
化材三乙 49940112 盧緯業
一、原理說明：
The idea of membrane reactor was proposed forty years
ago. A membrane is inserted into a traditional reactor to
make reaction and separation simultaneously occur in the
reactor which can improve the conversion and reduce the
separation cost. This study utilizes the finite difference
method to simulate steam reforming of methanol and
partial oxidation of methanol in inert membrane reactor
with catalytic pellets in the feed-side chamber (IMRCF).
The influence of operating variables, such as pressure,
feed flow rate, sweep gas flow rate,membrane thickness,
O2/CH3OH ratio etc. on the performance of system is
studied.
二、應用/用途：
SpaciMS for determination of intra catalyst reactor chemistry
A spatially resolved capillary inlet mass spectrometer system.
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Pinpoint and measure diverse pollutants inside narrow channels
of catalyst monoliths
Determine transient species distribution in reactors
Minimal disruption of reactor flow and catalyst chemistry
For sampling from confined space reactors
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Channelised automotive engine catalysts
Catalysed Fuel Reformers
Proton Exchange Membranes
Fuel Cell Flow Channels
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Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) in internal combustion engines
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The SpaciMS inlet is designed for the minimally invasive study
of reaction chemistry in confined space reactors - offering
unique insight into intra-catalyst chemistry.
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16 Capillary inlet system.
Software controlled sampling stream position.
Z-Drive for positioning of inlet positions.
Thermocouple inputs for temperature measurement at sampling
point.
Minimally invasive.
3-D Mapping of intra-reactor gas composition.
High temporal distribution.
Atmospheric Gas Analysis System - QGA
Compact bench top analysis system.
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Gas reaction studies
Fuel cell reactions studies
Contamination Studies
Fermentation analysis
Environmental Gas Analysis
Thermal Analysis Mass Spectrometry
Catalysis Studies / Reaction Kinetics
The QGA gas analysis system is a compact bench-top gas
analysis system for real time gas and vapour analysis. QGA is
sensitive, stable and responsive for:
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Real time multiple species gas and vapour analysis.
Wide concentration measurment range: 0.1 PPM to 100 %.
Continuous sampling at atmospheric pressure.
Low sample consumption requirements from less than 1 atm cc/min
to 16 atm cc/min.
Soft Ionisation for the analysis of complex organics / appearance
MS studies.
Minimal sample pre conditioning required.
Corrosive gas sampling options.
Integrated CO analyser option for PPM analysis of CO with CO2
and Nitrogen.
Mass range: 200 amu - standard. 300 amu option.
Stability (less than ±0.5 % height variation over 24 h).
MASsoft v7 Professional edition control via USB 2.0, RS232 or
Ethernet LAN.
QGA professional edition quantitative gas analysis software.
三、參考文獻：
1.Membrane reactors for catalytic series and
series-parallel reactions
The use of membrane reactors to improve the yield of intermediate products of series and
series-parallel heterogeneous catalytic reactions has been investigated. For series reactions
the most critical dimensionless parameters related to improving the yield are a
Damköhler-Peclet number product (rate of reaction relative to rate of membrane permeation)
and the permeability of the intermediate product relative to the reactant. The relative inert gas
sweep rate, the pressure differential between the reactant and sweep zones, and the rate of
the desired reaction relative to the undesired reaction also affect performance. When
series-parallel reactions are considered the relative permeabilities of the reactants are also
important in addition to the critical parameters identified for series reactions. For both classes
of reactions, mathematical models have been used to identify ranges of these parameters
where a membrane reactor can substantially increase the yield of intermediate products
compared to a conventional packed bed reactor.
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L.A. Bernstein, C.R.F. Lund
Journal of Membrane Science
Volume 77, Issues 2–3, 4 March 1993, Pages 155–164
2.Ultra-pure hydrogen production from reformate
mixtures using a palladium membrane reactor system
Hydrogen is considered today as a promising fuel of the future in order to address the existing
environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels. Hydrogen PEM fuel cells are
an important enabling technology for this purpose, but their operating temperature is typically
low and, as a result, common impurities found in conventional hydrogen production like CO,
can adsorb on and poison the catalysts utilized. Therefore, high-purity hydrogen is required for
the operation of such systems. In this study a realistic size, ultra-permeable Pd membrane is
used for pure hydrogen production from a feed with a simulated reformate composition
through the water gas shift (WGS) reaction. Prior to its use in the reactor experiments, the
membrane is characterized through single-gas permeation measurements. The effect of feed
pressure and flow rate and sweep ratio on membrane performance during the WGS
experiments is experimentally studied, and the results are compared with those of a
mathematical model. The model is further used to study the design aspects of the process. It is
shown that the Pd membrane reactor system under study is capable of attaining almost
complete CO conversion and full hydrogen recovery at realistic experimental conditions akin to
those utilized in industrial applications.
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Mitra Abdollahia, Jiang Yua, Paul K.T. Liub, Richard Ciorab, Muhammad Sahimia, Theodore T.
Tsotsisa,
Journal of Membrane Science
Volumes 390–391, 15 February 2012, Pages 32–42