指導教授：許子衡 教授
報告學生：馬敏修
2016/7/15
1
1.
2.
3.
Introduction
Related works
Geocast Adaptive Mesh Environment for
Routing(GAMER)
 Building the mesh
4.
5.
Proposed Extended Geocast Adaptive Mesh
Environment for Routing(EGAMER)
Conclusion
2016/7/15
2
 Existing
geocast protocols are classified in to two
categories: data transmission and routing creation.
 Data
transmission use flooding or variants of flooding
to forward geocast packets from the source to the
geocast region.
 Routing
creation create routes from the source to the
geocast region via control packets.
2016/7/15
3
 LBM
SCHEME:-When a node receives a geocast
packet , it will forward the packets to its neighbors, if
it is with in the forwarding zone; other wise it will
discard
2016/7/15
4
Building the mesh
 While
a source node in GAMER has geocast packets
to transmit, a JOIN-DEMAND (JD) packet is
periodically sent to the geocast region.
 GAMER
uses JOIN-DEMAND packets, instead of
conventional JOIN-REQUEST (JR) packets of
multicast protocols, to insist that all MNs in the
geocast region join the geocast group.
2016/7/15
5
 GAMER
dynamically chooses one of three different
forwarding approaches (FAs) to forward JD packets to
the geocast region.
 In
one FA, JD packets are flooded throughout the
entire ad hoc network.
 In
the other two FAs are called CORRIDOR FA and
CONE FA, a forwarding zone is defined to reduce the
area to flood the JD packets.
2016/7/15
6
2016/7/15
7
 If
an MN receives a non-duplicate JD packet, is
within the forwarding zone defined by the JD packet,
and is not within the geocast region, then the MN
adds its address to the source route contained in the
JD packet and forwards the JD packet further.
2016/7/15
8
 If
an MN receives a JD packet and is within the
geocast region, then the MN responds to the JD
packet by sending a JOIN-TABLE (JT) packet to the
first address in the reverse source route obtained from
the JD packet.
2016/7/15
9
 If
an MN receives a non-duplicate JT packet and its
ID is within the source route of the JT packet, then the
MN sets an internal flag to indicate that it is a part of
the mesh, initializes a mesh member timer, and
forwards the JT packet to the next address in the
reverse source route.
2016/7/15
10
 If
the mesh member timer expires due to the MN not
receiving a new JT packet in response to the periodic
JD packets, the MN turns off its internal flag to
indicate that it is no longer a part of the mesh.
 When
the JT packet reaches the source, a complete
path between the source node and the geocast region
is given in the JT packet, which forms one path in the
mesh.
2016/7/15
11
 If
an MN receives a non-duplicate data packet and is
either a member of the mesh or a member of the
geocast group, then the MN broadcasts the data
packet to its neighbors.
 The
geocast group members use a localized flooding
algorithm to transmit the data packets to all reachable
nodes within the geocast region.
2016/7/15
12
 By
applying anycasting source node send geocast
packet to the node which is residing in the geocast
region.
 If
one or two paths fails due to quickly mobility of
nodes then source node can use another path for
sending geocast packets.
2016/7/15
13
 The
source node S wants to send the geocast packets
to the geocast region.
 Source
node S sends the JOIN-DEMAND packet to
all its neighbors.
2016/7/15
14
 The
neighbors which are not present in Forward Zone
discards these type of packets.
 Neighbors
those are inside the Forward Zone they
receive packets and all these nodes prepared its own
Forward Zone.
2016/7/15
15
2016/7/15
16
2016/7/15
17
2016/7/15
18
 At
Last the JOIN-DEMAND packets received by the
nodes which are residing in the geocast region.
 These
nodes which are in the geocast region and have
JOIN-DEMAND packet unicasts to the JOIN-TABLE
packets back to the source following the reverse path
taken by the JOIN-DEMAND Packet.
2016/7/15
19
 When
the source receives its first JOIN-TABLE
packet.
 It
can begin sending geocast packet to the geocast
region.
 So
applying this method we can get more then two
route rather then GAMER.
2016/7/15
20
 This
will be beneficial when more then two route
failed due to mobility of nodes.
 This
EGAMER protocol provides redundant paths
between the source and the geocast region.
2016/7/15
21
 The
proposed EGAMER protocol uses the
Forwarding concept of the LBM- Box and takes more
path concept from GAMER.
 In
this protocol more then two or three paths between
the sources to geocast region are obtained.
 If
one or two routes fail due to mobility of nodes
another route can be used by the source node.
2016/7/15
22