假設語氣 (subjunctive mood)
一、假設語氣通常用於與事實相反的句子中，基本上分成四大類，其動詞形式也
都各有不同。
(1) 對未來的強烈懷疑： 萬一
主要子句 從属子句 would should ＋ V. should ＋ V. ( 原形動詞 ) could might
或 will ＋ V
或 V. ( 原形動詞 )
1. If he should be late, we will not wait for him.
2. Please take care of the kid for me if I should die
3. If it should rain tomorrow, what should we do?
4. If there should not be any food left, you could buy some.
Exercise:
1. He said he will not come. But if he __________ (come), nobody will pick him up at the station.
2. The weather report said that it will not rain tomorrow. But if it ___________ (rain),
we’ll put the game off.
3. He said he loves me forever. If he _________ (divorce) me, I will (would) kill him.
4. If I_______ (fail) this time, I would give up.
5. If it __________ (not rain) this spring, we’ll lack water in the summer.
Answer:
1. should come 2. should rain 3. should divorce 4. should fail 5. shouldn’t rain
If it rains tomorrow, we’ll put off the game.
If it should rain tomorrow, we’ll put off the game.

(2) 與未來的事實相反：
主要子句 從属子句 would could ＋ V. were to ＋ V. ( 原形動詞 ) should might
1. If I were to live 150 years, I could finish reading all of these books
2. If the sun were to rise in the west, I might go on a date with you.
3. I would marry you if the water in the sea were to become fresh water tomorrow.
4. If the moon were to bump into the earth tomorrow, nobody could survive.
Exercise:
1. If Hitler ______ (revive) tomorrow, he _______(kill) the Jews again.
2. If the cost ________ (become) cheaper next year, I _______(take) the spaceship to
the Mars.
3. If the Great Wall of China _______ (collapse) tomorrow, I _______ (give) you all
of my money.
4. I ________(make) friends with you again if the dead _______ (come) to live again.
5. We _______ (take) a trip to Mainland China next month if we ________ (be) able to take a non-stop flight there
Answer:
1. were to revive, would kill
2. were to become, would take
3. were to collapse, might give
4. could make, were to come
5. should take, were to be

(3) 與現在事實相反：
主要子句 從属子句
would
should ＋ V. be 動詞→ were
might 一般動詞→過去式 ( 肯定 )
could → didn’t ＋ V ( 否定 )
1. If I had enough money now, I would buy the model car.
2. He could help me if he were here now.
3. I could fly to you if I were a bird.
4. If you took the doctor’s advice now, you would be soon well again.
5. They would be very silly if they didn’t take the opportunity.
6. If it weren’t raining now, he would come.
Exercise:
1. If I _____ (be) you, I ______ (not forgive) him.
2. I ______ (call) her right now if I ______ (have) her phone number.
3. If he ______ (be) a doctor, he _______ (order) me to stay in hospital now.
4. If I _______ (not have) an important class now, I ________ (go) to a movie with you.
5. I _______ (drive) you home if I ______ (have) a car now.
Answer:
1. were, wouldn’t forgive
2. would call, had
3. were, would order
4. didn’t have, could go
5. should drive, had

(4) 與過去事實相違反：
主要子句 從属子句
would
could ＋ have ＋ p.p.
had ＋ pp
might
should
1. If he had worked harder, he would have passed the examination last semester.
2. If he had had enough money last year, he would have bought the fancy car.
3. He would have come if it had not rained this morning.
4. We would have caught the train if we had started earlier.
5. If you had not told her where Tom was, she would never have found him.
Exercise:
1. If you ______ (not break) up with her at that time, you ________ (marry) her.
2. I ________ (not finish) my job if you _______ (not help) me then.
3. If they _______ (advise) him earlier, he ______ (not lose) so much money.
4. We ________ (prepare) enough food if we _________ (know) there were so many
guests.
5. If he ________ (show) up yesterday, he ________ (turn) down the proposal.
Answer:
1. had not broken, would have married
2. would not have finished, had not helped
3. had advised, would not have lost
4. would have prepared, had known
5. had shown, might have turned

(5) 時間的混用：有些時候同一個句子可能會有兩個不同的時間出現，比如過去
的因產生現在的果，我們寫動詞時，還是要區分發生的時間，以及主要子句或
是從属子句的區別。
1. If I had studied medicine before, I would be a doctor now.
2. You wouldn’t be here now if you hadn’t been born before.
3. If I hadn’t read the directions in the past, I would not be able to tell you how to use it now.
4. You would be very regretful now if you had done such a silly thing before
5. If I hadn’t married before I would be lonely now.
Exercise:
1. If you ______ (not meet) him before, you ______ (not be) hurt so badly now.
2. I ______ (help) you now if you ______ (not speak) ill of me before.
3. You ______ (live) a happy life now if you _______ (work) hard in your youth.
4. We ______ (be) able to go on a vacation now if we _______ (make) a reservation in advance.
5. If my husband_____ (give) me enough money last week, I ______ (not be) worried about my budget now.
Answer:
1. hadn’t met, wouldn’t be
2. would help, hadn’t spoken
3. would live, had worked
4. would be, had made
5. had given, wouldn’t be

二、對於未來的強烈懷疑的假設語氣和 if 所引導的條件句意思上的區分：
用假設語氣 ( 萬一 ) 機率比較小；用 if 所引導的條件句機率比較大
1. If he should come tomorrow, I will not see him.
( 比較不可能來 )( 萬分之一的機會 )
If he comes tomorrow, I will not see him ( 比較可能來 )
2. If it should rain tomorrow, I will stay at home.
( 比較不可能下雨 ) ( 萬分之一的機會 )
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
( 比較可能下雨 )
3. If he should win the game, I would be his servant for a year.
( 比較不可能贏 ) ( 萬分之一的機會 )
If he wins the game, I will be his servant for a year.
( 比較可能贏 )

三、假設語氣和事實的互換：假設語氣和事實互換時，肯定和否定一定剛好相反，
也就是說，假設語氣是肯定時，則事實就是否定；假設語氣是否定時，則事實
就是肯定。
(1) 未來的假設語氣和事實的互換：
1. If I were to live 150 years, I could finish reading all of these books
→ As I won’t live 150 years, I won’t be able to finish reading all of these books.
2. If the sun were to rise in the west, I might go on a date with you.
→ As the sun won’t rise in the west, I won’t go on a date with you.
3. I would marry you if the water in the sea were to become fresh water tomorrow.
→ I won’t marry you because water in the sea won’t become fresh water tomorrow.
4. If the moon were to bump into the earth, nobody could survive.
→ As the moon won’t bump into the earth, everybody will be able to survive.
Exercise: ( 將下列各句改為事實 )
1. If Hitler were to revive tomorrow, he would kill the Jews again.
→
2. If the cost were to cheaper next year, I would take the spaceship to the Mar.
→
3. If the Great Wall of China were to collapse tomorrow, I would give you all
of my money.
→
4. I would make friends with you again if the dead were to come to life again.
→
5. We would take a trip to Mainland China next month if we would be able to take a
→ non-stop flight there
Answer:
1. Because Hitler won’t revive tomorrow, he won’t kill the Jews again.
2. Because the cost won’t be cheaper next year, I won’t take the spaceship to the Mar.
3. As the Great Wall of China won’t collapse tomorrow, I won’t give you all of my money.
4. I won’t make friends with you again because the dead won’t come to life again.
5. We won’t take a trip to Mainland China next month because we won’t be able to take a non-stop flight there.

(2) 現在的假設語氣和事實的互換：
1. If I had enough money now, I would buy the model car.
→ Because I don’t have enough money now, I don’t buy the model car.
2. He could help me if he were here now.
→ He can’t help me because he isn’t here now.
3. I could fly to you if I were a bird.
→ I can’t fly because I am not a bird.
4. If you took the doctor’s advice now, you would be soon well again.
→ Because you don’t take the doctor’s advice now, you will not be soon well again.
5. They would be silly if they didn’t take the opportunity.
→ They are not silly because they take the opportunity.
6. If it weren’t raining now, he would come.
→ Because it is raining now, he doesn’t come.
Exercise:
1. If I were you, I would not forgive him.
→
2. I could call her right now if I had her phone number.
→
3. If he were a doctor, he would order me to stay in hospital now.
→
4. If I didn’t have an important class now, I would go out with you.
→
5. I would drive you home if I had a car now.
→
Answer:
1. Because I am not you, I forgive him.
2. I can’t call her right now because I don’t have her phone number.
3. Because he is not a doctor, he doesn’t order me to stay in hospital now.
4. Because I have an important class now, I don’t go out with you.
5. I don’t drive you home because I don’t have a car now.

(3) 過去的假設語氣和事實的互換：
1. If he had worked harder, he would have passed the examination last semester.
→ Because he didn’t work harder, he didn’t pass the examination last semester.
2. If he had had enough money last year, he would have bought the fancy car.
→ Because he didn’t have enough money last year, he didn’t buy the fancy car.
3. He would have come if it had not rained this morning.
→ He didn’t come because it rained this morning
4. We would have caught the train if we had started earlier.
→ We didn’t catch the train because we didn’t start earlier.
5. If you had not told her where Tom was, she would never have found him.
→ Because you told her where Tom was, she found him.
Exercise:
1. If you hadn’t broken up with her at that time, you would have married her.
→
2. I wouldn’t have finished my job if you hadn’t helped me then.
→
3. If they had advised him earlier, he would not have lost so much money.
→
4. We would have prepared enough food if we had known there were so many
guests.
→
5. If he had shown up yesterday he would have turned down the proposal.
→
Answer:
1. Because you broke up with her at that time, you didn’t marry her.
2. I finished my job because you helped me then.
3. Because they didn’t advise him earlier, he lost so much money.
4. We didn’t prepare enough food because we didn’t know there were so many guests.
5. Because he didn’t show up yesterday, he didn’t turn down the proposal.

(4) 時間的混用的假設語氣和事實的互換：
1. If I had studied medicine before, I would be a doctor now.
→ Because I didn’t study medicine before, I am not a doctor now.
2. You wouldn’t be here now if you hadn’t been born before.
→ You are here now because you were born before.
3. If I hadn’t read the directions in the past, I would not be able to tell you how to use it now.
→ Because I read the directions in the past, I am able to tell you how to use it now.
4. You would be very regretful now if you had done such a silly thing before
→ You are not very regretful now because you didn’t do such a silly thing before.
5. If I hadn’t married before I would be lonely now.
→ Because I married before, I am not lonely now.
Exercise: ( 將下列各句改為事實 )
1. If you hadn’t met him before, you would not be hurt so badly now.
→ Because you met him before, you are hurt so badly now.
2. I would help you now if you hadn’t spoken ill of me before.
→ I don’t help you because you spoke ill of me before.
3. You could live a happy life now if you had worked hard in your youth.
→ You can’t live a happy life now because you didn’t work hard in your youth.
4. We would be able to go on a vacation now if we had made a reservation in advance.
→ We are not able to go on a vacation now because we didn’t make a reservation in advance.
5. If my husband had given me enough money last week, I wouldn’t be worried about my budget now.
→ As my husband didn’t give me enough money last week, I am worried about my budget now.

四、假設語氣的到裝句：如果 if 所引導的從属子句的動詞是以 had, should, 或 were 開頭的話，可以把 if 省略，然後把 had, should, 或 were 提到該從属子句
的句首。
1. If it should rain tomorrow, I will (would) stay at home.
→ Should it rain tomorrow, I will (would) stay at home.
2. I would never do that if I were you.
→ I would never do that were I you.
3. If he had her telephone number, he would call her up right now.
→ Had he her telephone number, he would call her up right now.
4. I might have been dead if it had not been for your help.
→ I might have been dead had it not been for your help.
Exercise:
1. If you had been more careful, the accident would not have happened.
→
2. If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
→
3. If I should not be at home when you visit me, please wait for a while.
→
4. I would buy the beautiful dress if I had enough money now.
→
5. He would help me if he were here now.
→
Answer:
1. Had you been more careful, the accident would not have happened.
2. Were I a bird, I would fly to you.
3. Should I not be at home when you visit me, please wait for a while.
4. I would buy the beautiful dress had I enough money now.
5. He would help me were he here now.

五、下列這些動詞出現時，若是以 that 引導一個句子，動詞部份也要用假設語氣，
其公式為 should ＋ V ，但 should 常被省略。
要求： ask, demand, require, request
建議、提議： advocate, move, propose, recommend, suggest, provide, urge
堅持： insist
命令： order
反對： object
1. I ask that he (should) leave the classroom.
2. The coach demands that John (should) do the exercise all over again.
3. I insisted that Mary (should) apologize to me.
4. He suggested that the office (should) be marked as a non-smoking area.
5. The teacher required that everyone of us (should) keep quiet during class.
6. The senator moved that part of the tax ( should) be spent on education.
六、下列這些形容詞出現時，其後面所跟隨的 that 的子句，也要用假設語氣，其
公式也為 should ＋ V ，但 should 常被省略。
形容詞為：
important, necessary, essential, urgent, imperative
1. It is important that he (should) come here on time.
2. It is urgent that the emergency (should) be solved at once.
3. It is necessary that our government (should) take action to avoid littering.
4. It is imperative that all motorcycle riders (should) wear helmets.
Exercise:
1. He recommended that she ______ (bring) some heavy clothes with her.
2. The president demanded that all students ______ (go) to the meeting.
3. He ordered that I ______ (eat) more vegetables.
4. I insist that Bill ______ (stay) with us.
5. It is necessary that we ______ (obey) traffic laws.
6. It is urgent that the child ______ (be) sent to hospital.
7. We suggested that he ______ (go) home right now.
8. It is required that every member ______ (be) a peace-lover
Answer:
1.
(should) bring 2.
(should) go 3.
(should) eat 4.
(should) stay
5.
(should) obey 6.
(should) be 7.
(should) go 8.
(should) be

七、 wish 後面所接的 that 所引導的子句，也要用假設語氣。
與現在事實相反 與過去事實相反
一般動詞→ 過去式 had ＋ pp
be 動詞→ were 助詞動→過去式助詞動＋ have ＋ pp
助詞動→ 過去式助詞動＋ V
1. I wish that I were a bird.
2. I wish that I had enough money.
3. He wishes that he could help me.
4. I wish that I had been with you last night.
5. She wishes that she had known him before.
6. We wish that we could have bought that house last year.
Exercise:
1. I wish that she ______ (be) my girlfriend.
2. She wishes that she ______ (has) some money now.
3. We wish that we _______ (can go) to a movie now.
4. I wish that you _______ (know) him before.
5. He wishes that he _________ (can earn) more money when he was young.
Answer:
1. were 2. had 3. could go 4. had known 5. could have earned

八、從属連接詞 as if = as though ( 就好像 ) 之後，也要用假設語氣
與現在事實相反 與過去事實相反
一般動詞→ 過去式 had ＋ pp
be 動詞→ were 助詞動→過去式助詞動＋ have ＋ pp
助詞動→ 過去式助詞動＋ V
1. He talks as if he were a millionaire.
2. He talks as if he knew everything.
3. She loves him as if he were her own son.
4. She talks as if she could solve the problem for me.
5. He talks as if he had seen a ghost last night.
6. He talks as if he could have bought that house.
九、 Without ， But for ( 介係詞 ) ：若不是，要不是，若沒有，後面的主要子句，也
要用假設語氣。至於 Without 和 But for 的介係詞片語，也可以改成從属子
句的假設語氣。
1. Without air and water, no one could live. ( 與現在事實相反 )
= If there were no air and water, no one could live.
= Were there no air and water, no one could live. ( 到裝句 )
2. But for your help, I might fail. ( 與現在事實相反 )
= If it were not for your help, I might fail.
= Were it not for your help, I might fail. ( 到裝句 )
3. But for your advice, I might have lost all of my money. ( 與過去事實相反 )
= If it had not been for your advice, I might have lost all of my money.
= Had it not been for your advice, I might have lost all of my money.

Test yourself (60 分以下得重做題目， 60 分以上才列出答案且可繼續下一課 )
Exercise:
(I) multiple choice: 60%
1. The little girl talks as if she ______ an adult.
A. is B. was C. were D. will be
2. I would have been killed if you _______ me away.
A. didn’t pull B. don’t pull C. hasn’t pulled D. hadn’t pulled
3. If your mother ______ alive, she would be very happy.
A. were B. was C. is D. would be
4. I _______ the class if you hadn’t asked me to go out with you.
A. didn’t miss B. would not have missed C. couldn’t miss D. hadn’t missed
5. Even if the sun _____ in the east, I would not break my promise.
A. set B. would set C. were to set D. is setting
6. _____ I had enough time, I would have gone shopping with you.
A. If B. Had C. Should D. Were
7. The game was very exciting, I wish you _______ it with me last night..
A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. were watching
8. ______ your help, I would have failed.
A. If had no B. Without C. Didn’t have D. Had no
9. I wish that I _______ with you last night.
A. had stayed B. stayed C. could stay D. had to stay
10. If I had enough money, I would buy the car. The fact is _______.
A. I had enough money B. I don’t have enough money
C. I have enough money D. I didn’t have enough money
11. If I hadn’t been so careless, I wouldn’t have missed the problem.
A. I didn’t miss the problem. B. I don’t miss the problem.
C. I miss the problem. D. I missed the problem.
12. ____ it not for your help, I would not finish the work.
A. If B. Had C. Were D. Was
13. I know that he will not come tomorrow for sure. But if he _______, I would be
very happy.
A. will come B. come C. is coming D. should come
14. He suggested that I ______ the small RV.
A. bought B. buy C. will buy D. would buy
15. I wish that I _____ you.
A. will help B. could help C. am going to help D. do help

16. It is necessary that we _____ (are) on time to his party.
A. be B. were C. will be D. are
17. If his daughter ______ last year, she would be twenty years old now.
A. didn’t die B. hadn’t died C. wouldn’t die D. doesn’t die
18. I wish that you ______ me the fact then.
A. told B. tell C. had told D. were telling
19. I wish I ______ English as well as you.
A. speak B. can speak C. could speak D. will speak
20. If you hadn’t taken my key, I _________ the room then.
A. would have entered B. could enter C. will enter D. can enter
21. If it _______, I would have come with you.
A. weren’t raining B. hadn’t been raining C. didn’t rain D. wasn’t raining
22. If I ______ there, I could have seen my favorite movie star.
A. went B. gone C. had gone D. will go
23. Our boss moved that the work ______ as soon as possible.
A. is finished B. be finished C. was finished D. were finished
24. He loves me as if I _____ his real lover.
A. was B. am C. will be D. were
25. If it _______ for your help, I wouldn’t have won the game.
A. hadn’t been B. weren’t C. isn’t D. wasn’t
26. If the water in the sea _______ tomorrow, I would never change my mind.
A. should dry B. were to dry C. dried D. will dry
27. I wish you _____ so much noise now.
A. don’t make B. won’t make C. didn’t make D. isn’t making
28. I wish I ______ you earlier.
A. know B. had known C. knew D. have known
29. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would put off the picnic.
A. If B. Were C. Had D. Should
30. ______ air, nothing could live.
A. If B. As if C. Without D. No
Answer:
1.
C
7.
B
2.
8.
D
B
3.
9.
A
A
13.
19.
25.
D
C
A
14.
20.
26.
B
A
B
15.
21.
27.
B
B
C
4.
10.
B
B
16.
A
22.
C
28.
B
5.
C
11.
D
17.
B
23.
B
29.
D
6.
12.
18.
24.
30.
B
C
C
D
C

(II) Correct form: 30%
1. If I ___1___ (know) the truth, I ___2___ (tell) you now.
2. If I ___3___ (have) the money, I ___4___ the car last year.
3. If the sun ____5___ (rise) in the west tomorrow, I __6__ (marry) you.
4. He told me that he won’t come tomorrow. But if he ___7___ (show) up at my party,
I will be very happy.
5. If you ____8___ (let) me know the fact yesterday, I ___9___ (not am) so angry now.
6. He talks as if he ___10___ (not care) about the result now.
7. I wish that I ___11___ (live) in Taipei now.
8. I wish that it __12__ (is not) raining now.
9. I wish that he __13__ (can go) with us now.
10. I wish that I __14___ (be) at home last night.
11. He talks as if he __15__ (meet) her the day before yesterday.
Answer:
1. knew 2. would tell 3. had had 4. would have bought
5. were to rise
9. wouldn’t be
6. would marry
10. didn’t care
13. could go 14. had been
(III) 將下列假設語氣改為事實： 10%
7. should show
11. lived
15. had met
8. had let
12. weren’t
1. If I had a car, I could drive you home.
→
2. Had I known him earlier, I would have solved the problem.
→
3. I would make some salad if we had enough potatoes.
→
4. If I had taken the medicine this morning, I wouldn’t feel so sick now.
→
5. If the earth were to move around the moon tomorrow, I would believe that you will
→ give up smoking.

Answer:
1. Because I don’t have a car, I can’t drive you home.
2. Because I didn’t know him earlier, I didn’t solve the problem.
3. I don’t make any salad because we don’t have enough potatoes
4. I didn’t take the medicine this morning, I feel so sick now.
5. Because the earth won’t move around the moon tomorrow, I won’t believe that you will give up smoking.