Spectrum Trading: An Analysis of
Implementation Issues
Advisor ：Wei-Yeh Chen
Student ：楊
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于
世
Reference
C.E. Carlos, M.B.H. Weiss, “Spectrum Trading: An Analysis
of Implementation Issues ,” in DySPAN Dublin , pp. 579 584 , April 2007 .
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Outline
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Introduction
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Problems with current spectrum management/assignment
methods
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Benefits of spectrum trading
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Classification of trading interactions and architecture
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Spectrum trading implementation issue
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Conclusion
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Introduction(1/2)
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Traditional spectrum allocation and assignment
mechanisms have focused on avoiding interference
between users and on the type of use given to
spectrum rather than on the efficient use of spectrum
and the maximization of economic benefits.
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Introduction(2/2)
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The assignment of spectrum licenses through
spectrum trading markets can be used as a mechanism
to grant access to spectrum to those who value it
most and can use it more efficiently.
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Problems with current spectrum
management/assignment methods(1/2)
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Traditional spectrum assignment methods are based
on the command and control model, where a
government regulator defines the use and
transmission limits for every frequency range.
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Problems with current spectrum
management/assignment methods(2/2)
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Market based mechanisms leave spectrum assignment
decisions to market interactions which, if designed
correctly, assign use of the spectrum to those who
value it the most.
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Benefits of spectrum trading
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Spectrum trading can improve the efficiency of the
initial distributions of spectrum by allowing the
licensees to be those who value its use the most and
by making use of the technology that provides the
best economic gains.
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Classification of trading interactions
and architecture
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Mode：Refers to the range of actions that a buyer has
at his disposal with the spectrum that he has acquired.
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Extent：It’s the degree to which a spectrum licenses’
rights and obligations(契約) are transferred to the
buyer.
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Duration：Refers to the length of time of the trade.
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Mode
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Change of ownership
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Change of use
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Extent
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Complete transfer: Rights and obligations of seller are
completely transferred to the buyer.
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Shared: Rights and obligations are shared (bear upon)
both seller and buyer.
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Duration
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Short term lease
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Long term lease
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Sale and buy back
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Permanent: Sale until the end of license term
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Spectrum Trading Architecture
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Spectrum trading implementation issue
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Information management
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Interference management
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Spectrum trading or wireless bandwidth trading
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Implications of flexibility
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Information management
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Pricing and spectrum availability information are key
to a successful spectrum trading (ST) market.
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In particular, price transparency(透明) can reduce
transaction costs, promote(促進) market entry and
higher volumes(量) of trading.
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Interference management
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In addition to the use of technical mechanisms to
control interference, economic based mechanisms can
also be used.
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In particular, a fee or tax on the amount of
generated interference could be applied to the
price of a traded spectrum license by the
spectrum management entity.
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Spectrum trading or wireless
bandwidth trading
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Wireless Bandwidth Manager (WBM): Entity that
manages the assignment of transmission capacity
and its related spectrum to requesting entities.
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Reconfigurable Base Stations (RBS): These systems
can employ reconfigurable radios or SDRs in order to
be assigned a spectrum segment for their use in a
dynamic way.
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Implications of flexibility
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Supporting more than one wireless standard in a
spectrum trading area raises several issues among
which are: Costs and Interference.
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Conclusion
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這篇論文有把頻譜交易的一些相關議題加進來，之前對頻
譜交易的想法可能只是覺得是買賣行為而已，而這篇論文
所加進的一些頻譜上會影響效能的因素，可以當作未來研
究的想法及參考資料。
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