• It is imperative that those in attendance today feel free to
have an open, honest, and non-judgmental discussion
about the material presented and to consider their ability
to make a significant difference.
• Raise awareness of helping behaviors
• Increase motivation to help
• Develop skills and confidence when responding to
problems or concerns
• Ensure the safety and well-being of yourself and others
Goals of Step Up!
•
•
•
•
•
Hazing
Discrimination
Anger Issues
Sexual Assault
Academic Misconduct
•
•
•
•
•
Alcohol
Depression
Disordered Eating
Gambling
Relationship Violence
What are the 3 BIGGEST
issues you see?
•
•
•
•
•
Notice the Event
Interpret it as a problem
Assume Personal Responsibility
Know How to Help
Step-Up!
A. The five decision
making steps
• Individual-A person’s knowledge, skill set, confidence,
sense of social responsibility etc.
• Situational-Severity of need; are there other people
around? What are the costs of helping?
• Victim-Do you know the person? Do you think they
deserve help? Will they accept help?
A. What Variables Affect
Helping
• Ambiguity
•
Is it a problem? Is it not? Error on the side of caution and INVESTIGATE!
• Conformity
•
•
•
Informational Influence-when you think someone knows more than you do, or has
more information than you, you will follow their lead.
Pluralistic Ignorance-the majority know there is something wrong but no one else
looks concerned so you think you must be the only one and you don’t do anything.
Normative Influence-you go along with the group to fit in, to be liked of to be accepted
by the group.
• Groupthink-when members try to minimize conflict and reach consensus
without critically testing, analyzing and evaluating ideas. Groupthink may cause
groups to make hasty irrational decision where individual doubts are set aside due
to a desire to avoid being seen as foolish or to avoid embarrassing or angering
other members of the group.
• Spiral of Silence-if one thinks that they are in the minority they are less likely to
voice an opinion. So people who don’t directly engage in problematic situation
still contribute to the problem with their silence.
B. Factors that affect
helping
•
•
•
•
Ask yourself…
Does it go against your morals?
Does this problem go against the norm in a negative way?
Is this problem hurting you or the other people?
Step 2: INTERPRET IT AS A
PROBLEM
• Bystander Effect: People are more likely to intervene when they are alone than
when they are part of a group.
• Research shows that if you are alone you will help 80% of the time but if you
are in a group you will help only 20% of the time because of the diffusion of
responsibility-you think someone else will do something. (Think back to the
first video.)
• This occurs because of responsibility diffusion.
• Responsibility assumed and number of people present is an inverse
relationship
• There are many documented occurrences where bystander effect has resulted in
loss of life.
• Do not rationalize away responsibility.
• Verbalize your intentions-you are more likely to help that way.
• Engage others- I’ll do A and you do B.
Step 3: Assume
Responsibility
• If something is ambiguous look into it! See what others
think.
• Error on the side of caution and investigate.
• Be mindful of group pressure and be prepared to react to
it. Break through Pluralistic Ignorance and the Spiral of
Silence and take a stand.
• If you are a victim, let others know you need help- be
specific if possible (i.e., “You there in the red shirt, please
help.”)
Strategies
• Many times people WANT to help but they either don’t know
what to do (knowledge) in a particular situation or how to do
it (skills).
• Help can come in two forms:
• Direct:
• Indirect:
• NEVER put yourself in harm’s way but again, DO
SOMETHING.
• Be prepared-Think about what you would do in certain
situations so when and if that situation arises, you will have a
game plan. It’s harder to think clearly when suddenly put in a
difficult situation.
Step 4: Know How to Help
• The challenges at this step are that there are always costs
involved and the assumption is that when people decide
on what actions to take they try to minimize cost and
maximize reward.
• Costs of intervening vs.. Costs of not intervening.
• Strategies:
• Carefully consider the situation before taking action.
• BE THE FIRST!
• Create shared and agreed upon standards of behavior and
expectations within any group or organization.
Step 5: Implement Step
UP!
• When noticing a problem: What would you want someone
to do for you or a loved one in the same situation?
• Imagine how the other person thinks and feels
• Imagine being in the same situation
• Imagine you are the other person
• Traits that are highly related to High Perspective Taking are;
patience, reasonableness, and sensitivity. Traits negatively
related to High Perspective Taking were aggressiveness and
sarcasm.
Perspective Taking
• One more challenge to helping is when people do things
because a perceived authority figure told them to.
• “All evil starts with 15 volts.”-Philip Zimbardo. All
Problems start off as minor incidents and gradually
escalate-people will keep pushing the limits because it is
accepted by the larger group. Action for prevention must
be immediate to prevent escalation.
• The colligate problem of hazing is a form of Obedience to
Authority.
•
Obedience to Authority:
Milgram Experiment
• Safe Responding
• Never put yourself in harm’s way but talk to someone, make
a phone call (911 if necessary) and/or engage others.
• Early Intervention
• “All evil starts with 15 volts”-Intervene early before the
problem becomes a crisis or disaster.
• Effective Helping
• Know what to do and how to do it. Remember the Law of
Deliver: Who (person\s), What (content), When (timing),
Where (location\privacy),Why (reasons), and How (tone).
The S.E.E. Model
•
•
•
•
•
Stay calm
Gather information
Consider your options-direct\ indirect helping
Provide support but do not become enmeshed
Know your limits-walk-away if the situation is unsafe
Emergency Helping
• Consider the frequency, duration and severity of the
problem
• Define the problem and the barriers
• Determine the goal; develop a game plan
• Set boundaries-don’t enable
• Maintain respect
• Consider options; know referrals
Non-Emergency Helping
•
•
•
•
•
Turtle-Doesn’t want to get involved
Teddy Bear- Just wants to be liked
Shark-Wants to save the day
Fox-Gives thought and perspective to intervention
Owl-Most creative, experienced and successful problem
solver; highest in social and emotional intelligence
Intervention Styles
•
•
•
•
•
I care
I see
I feel
I want
I will
Friends Helping Friends
•
•
•
•
•
It was the right thing to do
I would want someone to help me in the same situation
Someone needed help
We should look out for one another
So the situation wouldn’t escalate
Top 5 Reasons we
intervene
•
•
•
•
•
Notice the event
Interpret it as a problem
Assume personal responsibility
Know how you can be helpful
Step up!
Implement Step UP!
• You have been at a party for a while when you realize
that you haven’t seen your friend Jessie for sometime.
You check the back room and find Jessie passed out on
the couch. It seems Jessie’s breathing is kind of slow.
Jessie is a pretty heavy drinker and in the past has been
much more drunk that you saw tonight. Your friend Pat
assures you that Jessie is ok and just needs to sleep it off.
What do you do?
Scenario
• 94% of student athletes report that they have seen
someone whose health or safety was in danger from
drinking too much. What has your experience been?
• What do you need to know to be helpful in this type of
situation?
• How does this affect the group or community?
• What could you do to have fun without drinking or
minimal drinking?
Alcohol Poisoning
• Person is unconscious or semi conscious
• Person has cold, clammy, pale or bluish skin
• Slow breathing (less than 10 seconds or more between
breaths)
• No response to pinching their skin
• Vomiting while passed out, and not waking after vomiting
seizures
Considerations/ Warning
Signs
• The number of deaths from alcohol poisoning of collegeage people in 2005 was almost double what it was 6 years
before. Most deaths occurred on weekends
Did you know….?
• UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES LET INDIVIDUALS
DRIVE WHILE IMPAIRED
• Check in with anyone who is showing signs of possible alcohol
poisoning
• If you notice someone is passed out, vomiting, incoherent, unable
to answer simple questions, call 9-1-1 immediately
• If they are passed out roll them to their left side.
• Eliminate distractions-loud music, etc.
• BE clear and direct with all of your requests
• Try to find someone who is sober and can answer questions about
the individual
• Do not leave the person alone
• since symptoms occurred, and other relevant information
Action Steps
• Do not leave the person alone
• If vomiting occurs, clear airway by sweeping mouth of
vomited material
• Do not give food or force fluids
• If affected person is able to verbally respond, determine if the
victim:
• Monitor Breathing and heart rate. If breathing and heart rate
increase begin CPR
• Be ready to tell the EMT what and how much the person has
had to drink, presence of other drugs, how long it has been
since symptoms occurred, and other relevant information
Action Steps Continued
•
•
•
•
•
9-1-1
Campus Security
Campus Housing
Campus Health Center
Hospital
Resources
•
•
•
•
•
Notice the event
Interpret it as a problem
Assume personal responsibility
Know how you can be helpful
Step up!
Implement Step UP!