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Republic of Korea (South Korea)
Policy Packet
Chadwick
Pols 315
Spring 2006
Ti: Scott Yim
Table of Contents
1. CEO
Russo, Jeanin
Pg. 2-5
2. CMO
Catt, Steven
Pg. 6-11
3. CFO
Lai, Sandy
Pg. 12-22
4. CIO
Vega, Rhea-Liza
Pg. 23-27
5. CTO
Jaramillo, Aaron
Pg. 28-34
6. CSO
Duque, Ivan
Pg. 35-40
7. NGO
Augustin, Jaci
Pg. 41-43
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Jeannin-Melissa K. Russo
Chadwick
POLS 315
Spring 2006
Essay 1
South Korea intends to direct its policies towards promoting and assuring the
people’s health, wealth, education and skills, referred to by Laswell as “welfare values.”
These values would guarantee a steady and growing economy that can be sustained and
developed by the South Korean people themselves. The guarantee of these values gives
the individuals the necessary physiological needs that Maslow places at the base of his
pyramid. The current president of South Korea, Roh Moo-hyun, is assuring those values
by focusing his domestic policy on the creation of more jobs in order to increase the
middle class. He plans on achieving so by helping small businesses grow, by creating
more special service jobs, by decreasing the cost of private schools and by protecting
low-income families and underprivileged individuals; as cited by http://en1.ce.cn/World/Asia-Pacific/200601/19/t20060119_5882864.shtml.
South Korea is currently in a politically difficult region, due to its neighbors and
its relations with the United States. It is neighboring North Korea, and is very close to
China and Japan. The relations with North Korea have been improving and both nations
have been trying to collaborate towards a greater friendship and alliance. According to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_korea#Government_and_Politics, Roh Moo-hyun is
currently leading the country by favoring the “Sunshine Policy” of constructive
engagement with North Korea. The “Sunshine Policy” consists of three basic principles:
1. South Korea will not tolerate any armed instigations from North Korea. 2. It will not
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hurt or occupy North Korea. 3. It will actively push reconciliation and cooperation
between the two nations in order to maintain peace and stability within the Korean
peninsula. This policy is strongly being implemented by Roh and is an important point
within the decision making, despite the United State’s disapproval. The “Sunshine
Policy” and the strong military presence of the United States within the nations
guarantees the necessary security, or safety as declared by Maslow, that is needed for
South Korea’s continued development. The presence of a stable security allows for the
advance of social justice, which if implemented correctly will bring political stability.
Political stability is fundamental, according to Easton, to allow for the policy makers to
make decisions that will satisfy both the demands and supports of the people. Without a
stable sense of security the South Korean government would not be capable of engaging
in economic interactions with other nations.
The next step on Maslow’s pyramid is “belongingness,” which if applied to South
Korea could symbolize entering global trade. Current governments in South Korea have
discouraged opening the country’s trade due to the repercussions it will have on the local
farmers. However, as the graph below shows, South Korea, despite the numerous
incentives in the increase in technology exports, it has not reached nor fulfilled its
potential. By entering free trade, the countries GDP would increase dramatically and
South Korea would be able to compete and trade with different countries diminishing its
dependency upon its major exporters, USA and Japan.
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According to the GDA model, the current situation of South Korea is not as
thriving as it could be. The potential that this country has, from the economic and
political stance; it is not being entirely used. The goals that we wish to achieve are the
opening of trade and the increase and diversification of export alliances with other
countries other than the current ones. The reinforcement and creation of new relations
with the Soviet Union is being taken into consideration. However, the position of the
United States must also be measured. The stress that this may cause could pose an
obstacle in obtaining the determined goals causing a drift and frustration to the country’s
leaders.
The graph entitled “Power of Sates Over One Percent Power” shows the increase
of South Korea’s power throughout the represented years. However, the increase in
power is not of a great amount, leaving the line almost in a vertical position. The increase
of South Korea’s GDP and the diversification of its trade and export countries will not
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only increase the economy of the country, but also its power. Laswell describes power as
the capability to influence someone based on their fear. South Korea, cannot structure its
power based on fear; however it can use its advanced technologies and skilled people to
increase its power through its economy.
As the CEO of South Korea I intend to work closely with my group and other
countries to achieve a greater diversity in economic exports and partners. We also intend
to maintain the current position of the “Sunshine Policy” and further extended it by
creating additional communications among the two countries.
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Steven Catt
Chadwick
POLS 315
Spring 2006
Essay 1
As Chief Military Officer of the Republic of Korea, my main priority is the
preservation of the Republic, and the defense of its leaders and citizens. Obviously our
main concern is North Korea. In the conventional sense we can win both a short and
protracted war if we are the only states involved, and most importantly that the conflict
does not go nuclear. Because of the Cold War, each side has been forced to seek out a
powerful ally; China for the North and the United States for the South. While this has led
to a virtual stalemate because of the potential of nuclear deployment, one cannot take the
status quo as gospel, therefore must predict scenarios that do not involve the outside
superpowers, but take their opinions into consideration.
The graph included shows the enormous gap between the Power Capabilities of
each state, but one can also see that the gap is already beginning to close rapidly. In the
ever quickening pace of history, the United States may not have as long a time as it thinks
its does to build the Empire it wishes.
Our alliance with the United States has helped us tremendously in the past,
especially during the cold war. Since there is longer a massive threat of invasion by
Russia into the Far East, the large presence of US troops in our nation, and the region, has
become an issue of concern. The people of the republic of Korea feel that as a
democracy, their policies should be dictated by the feelings of its citizens. Our military
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hardware exists entirely because of military supply from the United States, but this comes
at a cost to our foreign policy, especially with our neighbors.
The second graph shows the Globalization of the most powerful countries in the
world. Globalizing is important to South Korea, as long as we are not a victim of the
process. The current trend of wealth polarization is sending the world into an age of
fierce competition for that which is not yet claimed by someone strong enough to defend
it. As money is concentrated more in the hands of the elite of the population, so goes the
riches of the world to the small number of highly armed nations we see so aggressively
pushing this “Globalization.” One can now even buy property on Mars.
Using the Global Model for Strategic modeling we can analyze our goals and the
tasks important in achieving them. We stand now, a country whose biggest threat is its
closest neighbor. Being on the bottom half of an isthmus is not the ideal place for a
military leader to defend. I would like to set the goal towards a less dependent nation,
security wise. Many people in both North and South Korea wish to re-unite. This is a
much less expensive option of dealing with North Korea, and one I would support. In the
meantime, I would like to pursue obtaining Nuclear weapons. This will have to happen
with help from the United States or else we are under threat of invasion. This goal
clashes with that of becoming less dependent on the US, unless there is regime change in
North Korea; something the US is working on. In reality we will probably drift closer to
the US as we strenghthen our defenses. I predict of new Space Race in the near future
between the US and China. Space should be explored and studied and debated, before it
is mined and ravaged by the Capitalists. But in the event that this race involves the
militarization of Space, as long as China remains North Korea’s main ally, we must
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remained committed to our goals and thus stay allied with the US. We have a lot of
technology to offer in return for military upgrades and security.
Our nation’s technology industry produces some of the best cutting edge products
in the world and we can use this to our advantage. We can Globalize using technology in
two major ways; by increasing technology exports to the entire world, and focusing
funding to Military research and development programs so that we are less reliant on the
United States. Our electronic intelligence comes mainly from US satellites. (CIA World
Factbook) I would like my government to enable me to focus on giving our military
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and satellites that can travel over North Korea and China and
collect information vital to our defense.
Using Lasswell’s “deference values,” one can easily interpret our defense
policies. We want the Power to control out own country and make our own policies
without the intervention of outsiders. This cannot occur in contemporary international
politics without making alliances, and therefore taking into account another nations
perspective on certain issues. This ties right in with respect; South Korea is a proud
country who is not afraid to fight for its people, unless we are scared off by those with
Nukes. Our morality tells us to be careful with our mortality, and to keep alive as long as
possible. Like a person, nations get scared when their existence is challenged. Israel’s
defense of its newly founded nation is a prime example. A more rectiable example is that
of the Tamil people of northern Sri Lanka. Only after years of peacefully attempting to
gain their rights from the Sinhalese, were they forced to adopt guerilla warfare as a way
to get their freedom. Affection is a powerful value and identity is something to feel very
passionate about. We as Koreans want to control as most of our lives as we can to the
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point that we can still be Koreans. While conducting business in both the civilian and
military sectors with the US, we do not want a collapse of the US to be a fatal blow to our
nation. This leads us to the conclusion that we must adopt a calm wait and see policy
with the two main superpowers. Any drastic move on our part to gain a strategic upper
hand will be met with outside interference. Seeing as China is gaining power on the US,
the possibility of establishing more trade between our countries cannot be ruled out.
As the world enters a new geo-political age, one dominated by the power of the
United States, we as a proud country cannot forget who we owe our success to, and how
far we are willing to go to honor this respect. The question becomes; when is enough?
Our nation is one of few that lead the world in the electronics industry. This directly
affects our ability to produce our own weapons for the future, and depend less on those of
foreign “protectors.” Many countries in our region, as do we, have security agreements
with the United States, but we do not have similar agreements with each other. I am in
strong support of a something resembling an East Asian Security Cooperative
Agreement.
Countries such as Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia and even Russia would all
seriously consider entering such a pact. The future will be dominated by technology,
something our nation is economically strong in. It is also possible to use this technology
to enable our country to not only become militarily dependent, but also a player in the
future arms market. As a major player in world politics, we as a nation must not feel too
tied to the past, and must envision what we can do in the future. Many military options
are available and must be considered.
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Table of Sources
-www.ifs.du.edu
- http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/
-www.zmag.org
-Collins-Longman Atlas for Secondary Schools
- http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/rok/
- http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/wm427.cfm
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Sandy
Lai
Chadwick
POLS 315
Spring 2006
Essay 1
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The Trust People Percent graph shows the percent of people who say that they
trust people. The Freedom graph shows the civil and political freedom level on a scale of
2 to 14 (year is year-nex, lower is freer, index). The Democracy Best graph shows 1=
Strongly agree democracy best and 4 strongly disagree that democracy is best.) index.
(http://www.ifs.du.edu)
The Freedom graph is plotted in relation to time. The Trust People Percent graph
and the Democracy Best graph are plotted in relation to the World Value Survey. The
world value survey is a national and international survey of how people view their world.
According to Professor Ronald Inglehart and Shawn Stemen,
The World Values Survey is a worldwide investigation of sociocultural and
political change. It has carried out representative national surveys of the basic
values and beliefs of publics in more than 65 societies on all six inhabited
continents, containing almost 80 percent of the world’s population. It builds on
the European Values Surveys, first carried out in 1981. A second wave of
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surveys, designed for global use, was completed in 1990-1991, a third wave was
carried out in 1995-1996 and a fourth wave took place in 1999-2001. This
investigation has produced evidence of gradual but pervasive changes in what
people want out of life, and the basic direction of these changes is, to some extent,
predictable. This study has given rise to more than 300 publications, in 16
languages. (http://wvs.isr.umich.edu/)
These graphs show how much freedom South Koreans have and how that affects
their view of the value of Democracy. The Trust graph shows their feelings in regards to
working with the United States and North Korea. The graphs show that the level of
Freedom in South Korea has been increasing since 1973 until the most recent data past
2003. The Trust People Percent Survey and the Democracy Best Survey shows that
between 1990- 1995, trust was increasing and people in South Korea disagreed that
Democracy was best at an increasing level. Since W3 which is in 1995-1996 to W4 in
1999-2001, trust has decreased continuously and the rate of South Koreans disagreeing
that Democracy is Best is leveling off so the increase is flattening out. The graphs show
that between W2 and W3 when the level of freedom was relatively high, at first South
Koreans were trusting and felt democracy was not best. However, as freedom continued
to be prevalent and continued to increase, trust decreased and the number of South
Koreans who disagreed that Democracy was Best started to taper off so the rate was less.
The significant turning point is in W3, or 1995-1996. At W3 trust was at thirty percent.
By W4 trust was at zero percent. From W2 to W3, the rate of increasing numbers of
South Koreans who disagreed that Democracy is Best was steep. From W3 to W4 the
rate of South Koreans who disagreed that Democracy is Best started to level off to an
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almost flat line. The level of Freedom was constant from approximately 1993 to 2004.
In 2004, the level of Freedom started to increase again until it leveled off at about 3 in
most recent.
The graph may show that at the beginning of having a lot of freedom in South
Korea, the South Koreans were used to not having freedom. Therefore, they did not yet
feel that Democracy was best. However, as time went on and they continued to have a
high level of freedom, they started to get used to Freedom and to like Freedom and thus
to develop the feeling that maybe Democracy is not so bad.
The graphs show that as South Koreans first have a high level of freedom they are
very trusting. However, after having a few more years of a high level of freedom, they
become less trusting until trust becomes zero percent in W4, or 1999-2001.
The graphs show that since 1982, freedom has increased continuously until it
leveled off at about a 3 from a range of 2 to 14 - lower being freer. Between the years of
1993 and 2004, freedom was constant at about level 4.
In regards to Maslow, South Korea has been improving economically in the last
decade. As its Survival needs of physiological needs like hunger and thirst are met, it has
moved on towards security, community, and responsibility needs. In autocratic
countries, people are afraid of freedom and democracy because they like the state to
provide food and shelter for free. As North Korea fulfills its basic survival needs of food
and shelter, it has started to begin to explore the idea of having freedom and democracy.
In regards to the GDA model, South Korea’s actual is that freedom is increasing.
At the same time, since freedom has increased in South Korea, the trend of South Korea
is towards believing that Democracy is not best. In W2, South Koreans believed that
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Democracy was best at 0.0 (1 strongly agree and 4 strongly disagree). By W3 Demo
Best was at 1.8 and at W4 it is at 2.0.
Although the graph shows that South Koreans
still believe that Democracy is best, being at 2 and below, the graph shows that the trend
is towards believing that democracy is not best.
South Korea’s Actual is that they want to have a healthy economy. At the same
time, its drift is that the South Korean people feel that democracy is not best. The South
Koreans’ goal is that they want a healthy economy that is not created by a democracy.
The South Koreans are experiencing Alienation. According to Professor
Chadwick’s GDA model, “alienation is associated with a sense of not belonging in, with
or to a group or place or situation, hence one is averse to and feels a negative valence for
that condition. The inverse is a sense of belongingness in Abraham Maslow’s sense, a
sense of valued identity with a community, group, place or situation, hence a positive
valence.“
In regards to Easton, the Support for these demands lies in the South Korean
government. The South Korean Government is trying to pursue relations with North
Korea through its Sunshine policy. The South Koreans want to reunify with North
Korea. South Koreans increasingly believe that democracy is not best. Even with
increasing freedom in their daily lives, South Koreans increasingly disagree that
democracy is best. South Koreans increasingly distrust others in society. Koreans are
difficult to work with because they break agreements and do not live up to their word.
According to Lasswell, the inner attributes are health and enlightenment. The
outer attributes are wealth and skill. The inner relations are affection and rectitude. The
outer relations are power and respect.
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South Koreans are trying to seek enlightenment and improve their skill through
education. More and more South Koreans are seeking to obtain an education in the
United States because comparably, American Universities are far superior to colleges in
South Korea. A degree from a U.S. University is worth far more than any degree in any
place in South Korea. Many South Koreans are coming to the United States to learn
more about the West because South Korea hopes to become more enlightened and to
improve their skill so that they can move out of third world status.
As South Koreans visit the United States more, they grow to like the freedom they
experience in the United States. Thus when they return to South Korea, they demand
more freedom from the South Korean Government. However, because South Koreans
increasingly do not trust others, they want to be protected by a paternalistic autocratic
government which has control over people’s actions. South Koreans, like all of Asia, has
a history of believing in Confucian ideals of paternalism. South Koreans increasingly
believe that democracy is not best.
South Korea needs to work with the United States, China, Russia, and Japan, in
the six party talks, to convince North Korea to end its Nuclear Weapons program. This
is the most pressing foreign policy issue that South Korea currently faces.
The most important issue facing South Korea at this moment is the threat of North
Korea’s Nuclear program. North Korea violated the terms of the Agreed Framework and
is pursuing the construction of Nuclear Weapons. According to the Country Analysis
Brief of the Energy Information Administration, which provides Official Energy
Statistics from the U.S. Government,
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“In 1994, North Korea signed an agreement (the "Agreed Framework") sponsored
by the United States, Japan, and South Korea to halt its graphite technology
nuclear program in exchange for two light water nuclear reactors. In early
October 2002, North Korea disclosed to U.S. officials that it had violated the
terms of the Agreed Framework by pursuing a nuclear weapons program, and that
North Korea considered the agreement nullified. “
(http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/nkorea.html)
The United States and North Korea has decided to meet with each other in a series
of meetings in order to discuss a peaceful and stable Northeast Asia region. According to
the U.S. Department of State website, recently, the “United States and the Republic of
Korea Launch Strategic Consultation for Allied Partnership.” One of the main goals of
the Allied Partnership is to return to the six party talks.
The six party talks were inconclusive. In February of 2006, Japan urged North
Korea to return to six party talks. “The gap was large and there was no progress on this,”
said Shinzo Abe, Japan’s chief cabinet secretary. (http://thestar.com.)
According to CNN, “Seoul and Pyongyang remain technically at war because
they never signed a peace treaty after their 1950-53 war…. Just on Wednesday,
Pyongyang warned that naval clashes could break out with [South Korea] again unless
the U.S. - led United Nations Command abolished what the North called an illegal border
drawn in the Yellow Sea.” (www.cnn.com)
In border skirmishes casualties and deaths were suffered on both the South
Korean and North Korean sides. “Pyongyang declared the border invalid in 1999, and
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since then a series of skirmishes have broken out between the [South Korean and North
Korean] navies…. North Korean also suffered casualties in the latest navy battle, which
killed five South Korean and wounded 19 others.” (www.cnn.com)
South Korea aims to reunify with North Korea in its Sunshine policy. In the
meantime, Japan is encouraging South Korea to follow Japan’s example in its
cooperation in the global society and its positive relations with the United States. In
2006, Japan and South Korea are planning a new rule which will provide “exemption of
Temporary Visitors’ visa for nationals of the Republic of Korea to Japan.
(http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce)
South Korea is a young nation in Northeast Asia. Geographically, it lies near
China, Russia, and Japan, which are very important nations in the region. South Korea
has a very important responsibility, as it moves out of its survival mode, to urge North
Korea to abandon its Nuclear Program. As South Korea learns more about what is
freedom and how is a democracy, it is learning to live in a world where you cannot trust
everyone, even if they are your neighbors.
Republic of Korea (South Korea) to form Strategic Alliance with the United States.
Foremost on the Agenda: A Return to Six Party Talks
The conditions in this case is that North Korea presents a nuclear threat. Each of
the six nations (The United States, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea)
will be the support for the six party talks. The six party talks answer to the demand for a
safe and stable Northeast Asia region. The consequences of the six party talks not
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resuming would be continued sanctions against North Korea. Sanctions against North
Korea could lead to an unhealthy North Korean economy. The long term effects of
returning to the six party talks could be the reunification of South Korea and North Korea
and a stable and safe North East Asia region.
The United States and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) held the first session
of the “U.S. - ROK Strategic Consultation for Allied Partnership” on January 19, 2006.
The U.S.-ROK alliance is important in promoting peace and stability in the Northeast
Asia Region. According to a Media Note in the U.S. Department of State website, one
of the goals of the initiative is that of “Maintaining a strong U.S.-ROK alliance to
contribute to peace and stability in Northeast Asia, leading possibly to an eventual
regional multinational mechanism for security cooperation.” (www.state.gov)
The most important objective of high level talks is a return to the Six Party Talks
with the United States, Russia, the People Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of
Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea). At the Six Party
Talks hosted by Beijing, China, North Korea must be convinced to end its pursuit of a
Nuclear Weapons Program. For the sake of the future of its nation, South Korea must
urge North Korea to return to the Six Party Talks.
If North Korea does not end its Nuclear Weapons Program, international
sanctions against North Korea will not be lifted. If South Korea wishes to reunify with
North Korea, it must show that South Korea and North Korea can negotiate with each
other as nations in the international realm. The focus of South Korea Foreign Policy is to
convince North Korea to end its Nuclear Program. A Nuclear free Korea is important not
only to North Korea’s future, but is also vital to the survival of South and North Korea .
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References
CNN “N. Korea ‘regrets’ fatal naval skirmish”
http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/07/25/korea.clash/index.html
Energy Information Administration. “North Korea: Background”
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/North_Korea/Background.html
Lai, Sandy. “Talks focus on nuclear threat” Ka Leo
http://www.kaleo.org/vnews/display.v?TARGET=printable&article_id=3f49d29a
8ea2f
McCormack, Sean. “United States and the Republic of Korea Launch Strategic
Consultation for Allied Partnership” U.S. Department of State
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/59447.htm
The Malaysian Star “Japan says little progress in talks with North Korea”
http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/2/7/worldupdates/2006-0207T201151Z_01_NOOTR_RTRJONC_0_-235609-1&sec=Worldupdates
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan “Exemption of Temporary Visitors’ Visa for
Nationals of the Republic of Korea”
http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2006/2/0206.html
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U.S. Department of State “Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs”
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2800.htm#foreign
World Values Survey “Introduction” http://wvs.isr.umich.edu/
Xiao, Hu and Jize, Qin. “6-party talks open, host: china urges flexibility” China Daily
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-07/26/content_463195.htm
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Rhea-Liza Vega
POLS 315
Chadwick
Spring 2006
Essay 1
As South Korea’s Chief Intelligence Officer, I am extremely concerned with the
relationship of South Korea with others, particularly those who could make the greatest
impact on our lives, both economically and politically. Therefore, I chose two graphs,
which I deemed most relevant to my goals of amicable relations and improved global
standing. The graph above describes the projection of power distribution of the five major
or “leading actors,” including China, Japan, the United States of America, India and the
European Union. It is graded on a scale of 0 to 25 from the year 2008 to 2096. From the
graph, USA has the most power, and appears to maintain it throughout the years.
According to the International Futures website’s basic report centered on the scenario
two, Security First, the freedom house freedom indicator shows that in 2000, South Korea
was rated a 13. After fifteen years, it slowly rose to fourteen—the highest rating that
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indicates the most democracy in a given area. According to the Security First scenario
explanation, this specific rating
“assumes a world of striking disparities where inequality and conflict
prevail. As such troubles become increasingly prevalent, the more
powerful and wealthy groups focus on self-protection, creating enclaves
akin to the present day 'gated communities.' Such islands of advantage
provide a degree of enhanced security and economic benefits for
dependent communities in their immediate surroundings but they exclude
the disadvantaged mass of outsiders. Welfare and regulatory services fall
into disuse, but market forces continue to operate outside the walls."
Again, global democracy for South Korea is extremely important for our
continual existence. From this graph, we can see that over the next several years,
democracy will begin to decline. World democracy is projected to decrease according to
the Security First Scenario, and it incorporates “the assumptions of the spread of
pervasive economic and personal insecurity and reactions that attempt, often counterproductively to achieve security of self or nation” (Annotate). So South Korea is forced
to figure out other means to achieve a greater security, like economic security.
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Considering all these factors and information from the graphs provided, one
would assume that new policies with the countries within the simulation would need to
account for the fact that “leading actors” in power will remain in power with only slight
fluctuations. Furthermore, these “leading actors” are mainly democratic advocates and
according to graph #2, when countries are faced with insecurity and threat, democracy
will decline. South Korea attempts to stay strong against their communist neighbors and
rivals, China and North Korea. Given that North Korea has the military support of the
United States by the 1954 Mutual Defense Treaty, the risk of North Korean Invasion is
less than if South Korea had been without. Therefore new polices with other countries
need to also consider the needs of the United States, since without them, the likelihood of
enduring democracy is decreased. As long as the US and South Korea are on good terms
and the Treaty is not broken, then South Korea is greatly protected.
Another issue to contemplate is trade agreements with other leading countries. In
order to maintain peace and stability, countries also need to maintain their economic
strength and growth. In the Security First scenario, it includes the “10% loss of economic
freedom” (Annotate). However, since the US “seeks to improve access to Korea’s
expanding market and increase investment opportunities for American business…[and]
on February 2, 2006, [they] announced their intent to negotiate a Free Trade Agreement,”
it appears that South Korea is at an advantage (Background Notes).
According to the Background Notes of the United Department of State, President
Kim Dae-Jung instilled new policies to help “maintain one of Asia’s few expanding
economies” with a continuous fluctuation in growth but finally ending with the
“economic performance in 2004 improved to 4.6 %, based on vibrant exports.”
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Considering this information, South Korea seeks a more steady and constant economic
growth. In addition, the Background Notes also states that South Korea is also a “more
market-oriented one…emphasizing on exports and labor-intensive light.”
In order to achieve this, South Korea will want to improve our relations with the
new leading actors, including India. Considering that terrorism and times of insecurity
continue into the future and that the United States will still maintain their power to some
extent, South Korea should try keeping this relation very amicable. By improving or
maintaining these relationships for the future, it allows South Korea a greater chance at
following these new leading actors, and possibly achieving a greater global standing. In
addition, considering that North Korea has repeatedly tried to reunite with South Korea,
yet still keeping their communism, there seems to be little chance that it will change
(Foreign Relations).
Considering the economic and political security from these interactions, South
Korea could expect an improved state of well-being, education, and wealth. Fear of
economic recession and invasion would also decline. With the South Korea/ United
States 1954 Mutual Defense Treaty, South Korea can expect to be safe from other
countries, therefore possibly making things easier for South Korea to feel safe in
negotiating with others considering US backing and protection.
After speaking to my other group mates of South Korea, we have decided to seek
out an increase of free trade with other countries and to protect ourselves economically
by regulating how much we export. By increasing food imports and focusing more on
electronic exports, we can increase our GDP, thus decreasing our reliance on others for
these expensive goods. Bearing in mind that other countries within the simulation will
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want the same economic growth, these countries will most likely try to regulate our
imports and exports to satisfy their needs. By watching out for these and with further
negotiations, South Korea can stay strong and economically safe.
Works Cited
“Annotate Working Scenario: Security First.” International Futures Website.
<http://www.ifs.du.edu/Notepad.aspx>.
“Background Note: South Korea.” Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. U.S.
Department of State. February 2006.
<http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2800.htm#foreign>.
“Foreign Relations: South Korea.” U.S. Library of Congress.
<http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/17.htm>.
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Aaron Jaramillo
Chadwick
POLS 315
Spring 2006
Section A: Graphs
Globalization
IF’s Graph on ROK Imports
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IF’s Export Graph for ROK
1
As acting Chief Trade Officer (CTO) of South Korea it is important for me to
look at current trends in the global economy to predict or forecast the future of South
Korea’s economy. One current trend that is going on in today’s world is globalization.
For that reason, I chose to use the graph that forecasts the “Globalization of States over
one percent [of] Power”. As CTO I could use this graph to see if there is a connection of
globalization with what is going on in South Korea. Looking at the globalization graph,
there is a slight uprising of globalization that is probably going on in the present and
looks like it will continue for the next couple of years and then a leveling off. Could this
leveling off be because of the carrying capacity issue where there is only so much that
could happen in a small country like South Korea? Or could there be a connection where
South Korea’s goal is looking for more free and bilateral trade with other nations?
1
Graphs are from www.ifs.du.edu
30
Secondly as CTO my main job is trade so I thought it would be appropriate to use
the IF’s graphs on imports and exports. As you can see in the graphs, there is an uprising
in both importing and exporting. Using Maslow’s Theory, looking at this trend I
wouldn’t see it as a threat to the country as a whole. It looks like that it would be great
for South Korea’s economy by raising the GDP levels. Security, however, will be a
concern in our country especially with the amount of product flow that will pass through.
Community concerns probably wouldn’t be much of concern because there seems to be
good relations with other nations in the region and nations around the world. I don’t
think that community identity of South Korea is much of concern because as I said South
Korea has good relations with other nations and will continue to pursue good relations
with other nations. I think that promoting to keep good relations with other countries
would be a priority with security being atop the priority list as well.
My goal for the country is to provide economic stability in South Korea. I would
like to see our nations GDP to rise and become and economic leader in the world. I think
I could do this by making policies to implement free trade with other nations without
hurting the domestic businesses and also by not only looking at the big trading nations
but looking at what the small nations have to offer South Korea. It could be anything
whether it's natural gasses or minerals. I would also like to see security and control of all
imports and exports so that our country wouldn’t be taken advantage of and go up in
smoke.
Section B
As Chief Trade Officer of South Korea I think that there would be a lot of demand
from my teammates. Without trade I think that Korea’s economy would still be in the
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dumps. According to Hwang Doo-Yun, author of “Korea International Trade Policy in
the Global Age,2” Korea was one of the poorest countries in the world. In the 60’s, they
began exporting small manufactured goods and had minimal trading. In the 70’s, they
began exporting cars and heavy manufactured goods. Importation, however, still had
heavy restrictions. In the 80’s is when South Korea saw dramatic changes in economic
development and began attracting international attention. This led to an emphasis on the
liberalization of imported goods. In the 90’s, however, international competition
increased. The domestic market became too outdated which hindered the South Korean
corporate governance and finance so they started looking towards international financial
aid. In 1997, South Korea was hit with a financial crisis which depleted their foreign
exchange reserves dramatically. This financial crisis led to South Korea developing a
plan to head towards globalizing South Korea’s economy. Currently, South Korea
looking towards free trade domestically and internationally.
So as you can see, trade in South Korea plays a major role in its economy. I think
that there would be a great demand and expectancy from my other teammates. That
could be the same for the trading members of other countries. I think that my fellow
teammates would want me to develop policies that not only would implement free trade
from our nation to another nation, but also try to push a policy to implement free trade
around the world. I think that other countries can look at South Korea as a major trading
source especially because of the rising technological advancements around the world. I
think that my teammates would also like me to try and diversify our trading partners and
2
East Asian Review, 13(3), Autumn 2001, pp.3-20
2001 by The Institute for East Asian Studies
Published by the IEAS, 508-143 Jungrung 2-Dong Songbuk-Ku Seoul 136-851 KOREA
32
balance out trade amongst other nations. We will want to diversify so that we don’t have
a dependency on just one nation for a good. I think other nations [third world country’s
anyway] will like this because if there is something that a third world country has
something to offer our nation or other nations then maybe jobs could be created to make
that good to be exported.
I think that I will get all the support I will need for implementing this free trade
policy. I believe that they recognize that free trade will be the best route in becoming an
economic powerhouse not only domestically but in the world. With trade being a major
factor of our economy I don’t expect or want supreme authority of the entire country, but
enough to make the right and reasonable choices for a strong developing economy.
Hopefully enough funding is available from businesses and the government. Since there
will be a greater amount of goods going in and out of the country and more threat of
terrorism around the world, military support will be a great help keeping guard over the
ports.
I don’t know how much other nations will react towards my implementation of
free trade among nations. I may get mixed reactions from other countries. Some may see
this as greed for our country in an attempt to better our economy. Some may see it as a
good idea in attempt to better relationships among nations of the world. Whatever the
support of reaction, everything will be done in a moral and ethical manner.
Section C: Policies
South Korea’s economy is almost 75 percent dependent on trade. For South
Korea to not implement free trade domestically and internationally would be the craziest
idea. With that said, South Korea would like to take the first step and strengthen our
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policies towards the goal of free trade. As Chief Trade Officer (CTO) with the support of
my fellow officers, I would like to announce that South Korea is opening its doors to the
many nations around the world who could use the resources that are available in our
country. Likewise, South Korea would like to take a look at resources that would be
beneficial to our country. Things that other countries might want to consider importing
from South Korea are our technology and electronics. The modern world is getting more
technology based with the use of cell phones and other electronics. South Korea has two
of the biggest producers in these types of products in companies such as LG® and
Samsung®. South Korea has Kia® and Daewoo® who are manufacturers of cars. Some
resources that South Korea could use are things like wheat, meats, and natural resources
such as oil. South Korea has three policy goals that are being implemented that we
would like other nations to consider as well.
The first policy action is to be more proactive in working towards building free
trade in the world so that the economic world could be more economically stable. To do
this we would like more nations to participate in the free trade processes. Secondly, we
will actively participate in free trade cooperation and address issues that come up.
The second policy action is to strengthen trade in the different world regions. We
would like nations in the same region to work with each other. Instead of going through
multiple countries to obtain a good, there should be bilateral trade. We would also like to
help the developing countries in the world to strengthen their economy as well.
Thirdly, South Korea will work towards building a domestic market environment
that is free and fair. We will do this by promoting fair competition amongst nations and
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having a sense of trust between nations by revealing and sharing all economic
information with trading partners.
So with our free trade policies implemented, we would like to call on other
nations to also actively participate in working towards free trade. Take South Korea’s
history from going dirt poor to one of the top fifteen wealthiest countries as an example
of how trading could boost economic stability.
35
Ivan Duque
Chadwick
POLS 315
Spring 2006
Essay 1
As is the case with sovereign states, ala Maslow’s social psychological theory,
South Korea is well aware of its own need to first meet the very basic needs of its
citizenry, secure their safety, meet community needs, take a leading role in the country’s
development and fulfill the goals set by its governments policy makers.
If one looks at South Korea from the angle of a GDA model it is clear to see that the
actual situation (A) South Korea finds itself in the present, is not where it wants to be in
the future. S. Korea has goals (G) that its policy makers wish to achieve in order to stay
viable in the global economy while maintaining its sovereignty. In the way of the path to
those goals are different distractions which will keep it from achieving set goals, thus
causing the policy makers and leaders undue stress (D).
As per Easton’s Political Systems concept, S. Korea needs to have a stable
political system in order to establish a desirable political environment, which is very
important in order to ensure a smooth process of protocol where the decision makers are
able to establish policy according to the demands and the supports of the populace.
According to Laswell’s Values as Attributes and Relations, the S. Korean government
needs to concern itself not only with setting policy, but also why it is doing so and how it
is perceived in its homeland and in its international relations.
36
As the graph above shows the power of the present leading actors, namely the United
State and the European Union will diminish and the new leading actors will be first
India then China.
If S. Korea wishes to stay abreast of these developments it will need to open up
communications and establish policies which will allow it to have good trade,
economic and political relations with these countries.
As CSO I wish to support my government in its endeavors to pursue policies
friendly to those countries poised to take the lead in the future; thereby giving the S.
Korea the best chance possible to fend for itself and be a viable force in future
developments. The S. Korean government and its people deserve to be able to look
towards the future with a positive outlook.
37
According to the IFS graph above it is clear to see the leveling off of oil
consumption while the demand for oil, gas and alternative energy is steadily increasing.
It is vital for the S. Korean government to recognize these trends and take the steps
necessary to keep the country as self-sustaining as possible by investing in alternative
energy and new technologies.
In the past S. Korea was dependent on North Korea for its mining and industry while
maintaining an edge on the agricultural industry due to S. Korea’s climate and its arable
land, which is ideal for rice production.
38
As S. Korea focuses on the future it needs to concern itself with the energy needs of the
country and the financial state of the country.
According to a text in http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/45.htm The Economy, South
Korea Table of Contents, U.S. Library of Congress http://countrystudies.us/southkorea/51.htm Energy, S. Korea has no oil reserves, very little coal supplies and limited
hydroelectric power: therefore in the past it concentrated on nuclear power. The text
states that in 1985 nuclear power accounted for 22% of the country’s energy use, thermal
plants (oil/coal) 74% and hydroelectric energy accounted for 4% of the country’s total
energy consumption. In addition the text, http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/80.htm
Relations with North Korea South Korea, notes that business leaders in S. Korea know
that there could be economic benefits if their government and the North Korean
government had better relations.
By 1990 the text, http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/50.htm Industry, states that South
Korean manufacturers set their sights on high-technology industries, which as mentioned
before is a step in the right direction. The text reads that the new high-technologies
include the production of new materials, mechatronics; which include industrial robotics,
bioengineering, microelectronics, fine chemistry and aerospace.
As CSO of South Korea my main focus will be to work closely with the “chaebol”. The
section of the text, http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/48.htm The Government and
Public and Private, gives a brief history of the foundation of the chaebol during the
1950’s after the Korean War. After the war most of the Japanese owned industries
mostly laid in ruins and disrepair. These industries were meted out by the government to
individuals deemed politically friendly to the government; in turn these individuals would
39
be expected to give kickbacks. During this time the chaebols were formed. The chaebol
like OPEC is made up of different conglomerates which as the text states were made up
of, “heavy and consumer industries and electric and electronic goods, as well as trading
companies and real estate and insurance concerns.” With the aid of foreign loans
guaranteed by the government, special favors and foreign technology the chaebol
continued to grow. By the late 80’s the chaebol became financially secure and no longer
relied on government financial assistance. The text further states that in 1987 the
revenues of the four largest chaebol were US$80.7 billion, a figure equivalent to two
thirds of Seoul's total GNP.”
My CSO position will allow me to be a liaison between the government and the chaebols,
which would provide a buffer in order to have better relations. I will encourage my
government to work in conjunction with the chaebols to further high-technology research
and development as well as looking into new alternate methods of energy. In addition I
will focus on international relations with other countries, especially India and China
through trade and other mutually benefiting endeavors. Furthermore I will make it clear
to my government that it would be extremely wise if relations with North Korea were
given high priority in order to further the stability of S. Korea’s economy.
40
http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/45.htm The Economy
South Korea Table of Contents
Source: U.S. Library of Congress
http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/51.htm Energy
South Korea Table of Contents
Source: U.S. Library of Congress
http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/80.htm Relations with North Korea South Korea
Table of Contents
Source: U.S. Library of Congress
http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/50.htm Industry
Table of Contents
Source: U.S. Library of Congress
http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/48.htm The Government and Public and Private
Corporations
South Korea Table of Contents
Source: U.S. Library of Congress
From readings: Maslow, Lasswell, Easton
Class notes
41
Jaci Agustin
Pols 315
Chadwick
Spring 2006
Essay 1
The Red Cross' mission statement is to bring "relief to victims of disasters and
help people to prevent, prepare, and respond to emergencies". Therefore as the Red
Cross representative for South Korea, I feel the best way to prepare is get the facts.
We must first know exactly how many people are involved in our preparation
process. The population of South Korea now is 48,640,671(World Fact Book) This
number lets us know how many vaccines and supplies to stock up on for potential
disasters and diseases. Our population growth is actually going down which tells us to
set a lower budget on such vaccines and supplies. This way we can spend money and aid
else where.
Although our growth rate is shrinking, the life expectancy is getting older. This
tells us that the Red Cross needs to focus more on the well being of the old and obtaining
supplies specifically for the older generations. This information lets us know what kind
of aid we may need to ask for from other countries, such as flu vaccinations for the
elderly.
Using the GDA model we can implement our goal as drawn from the Red Cross'
mission statement. Our goal is to "prevent, prepare and respond". The actual state that
the South Korean Red Cross is in is not close to what it could be. Right now South Korea
only has 9 Red Cross locations, employing 14 people. The distance between our goal and
actual place may cause some frustration when trying to meet our goals. This means
during the simulation we must focus on the direction we are heading and start
implementing these goals by working closely with our allies.
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0
0
43
The demands that will be placed on my role as the South Korea Red Cross are
variable. These demands may range from getting aid or giving aid. The determining
factor of these demands are the current issues at hand. For example, the National Red
Cross of the Republic of Korea gave $5.8 million dollars to hurricane Katrina victims.
The Korea Times also reported on February 20,2006 that “Seoul offers $1 million in aid
for Philippines slide”. This goes to show that South Korea will not always be the one
asking for help but we can deliver too. These types of exchanges will strengthen our
relationships with our allies when it comes down to military funding, trading and other
political transactions.
One interesting dimension on the horizon of these issues would be “South and
North Korea will this week hold a new round of Red Cross talks during which Seoul
hopes to address a number of humanitarian issues, such as South Korean abductees and
prisoners of war (POWs) still kept captive in the communist North.” (The Korea Times:
hanhooki.com Feb. 20, 2006) These talks may open the door of other opportunities and
discussion between North and South Korea, which may come in handy during the
simulation. Since these talks are in process now I will keep my teammates and other
NGOs posted as new information arises.
In conclusion, my commitment to South Korea is to report exact information so
our country’s Red Cross will be able to know the demands of our population in light of
preventing, preparing and responding to any event that may manifest itself. Also the Red
Cross will make all available supports to South Korea known, weather it is the United
Sates or internal supports. Knowing these demands as they come along and the supports
we have available and reporting them to the rest of my team, we, as a country will be able
to proceed with our decision making process. Hence our policies on such subjects of the
Red Cross and receiving and giving aid and other negotiations will be far more stable.
44