Zambia Water, Sanitation and
Hygiene: Facts and Figures
Pricila Mabande,
(Scientific and Industrial Research and Development
Centre (SIRDC))
Zambia Facts and Figures
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The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or
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Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox
will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide
ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation
and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and
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Zambia Facts and Figures
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Water and Sanitation Sector Overview
3. Water and Sanitation Sector Framework
4. Key Public Players in the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
5. Key Public Players in the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
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1. Introduction
Zambia Country Profile
Zambia is a land-locked sub- saharan African country
• It shares boundaries with 8 countries
• It has a total land area of 752,612 km2
• It has a population of about 13.046 million people
The country is divided into ten provinces and 84 districts.
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1. Introduction
Zambia Water and Sanitation country profile
Zambia’s water and sanitation needs are primarily addressed through
the government of Zambia:
•National Water and Sanitation Council (NWASCO)
•Devolution Trust Fund (DTF)
In 2008 the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) had the following
statistics for Zambia against the Millenium Development Goal (MDG)
number 7, target c:
•60 percent of the total population is using improved water sources,
•49 per cent of the total population has access to improved sanitation
facilities.
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1. Water and Sanitation Sector Overview
• Urban and rural access coverage for improved water supply and
sanitation (WSS) has increased overally since 1990,
• Zambia has made important advances in regulatory and institutional
reform,
• There is need for continued implementation of national policies and
expanded financing and cost recovery strategies,
• Increased institutional capacity of Water Supply and Sanitation
service providers, and improved financial management, will allow
increases in efficiency, expanded coverage and better financial
viability.
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3. Water and Sanitation Sector Framework
• In the early 1990s the adoption of a National Water Policy in 1994
and the Water Supply and Sanitation Act in 1997.
• Considerable focus was placed on devolving the authority to provide
WSS service from the central government to local authorities.
• Local authorities in urban areas created 50 commercial utilities
(CUs), some of which have since merged.
• National Water Supply and Sanitation Council (NWASCO) an
independent regulator for water and sanitation was established in
1997.
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4. Key Public Players
Ministry of Energy and Water Development (MEWD)
• Water resources management
• Administers water rights
• Some financial management of WSS sector
Ministry of Legal Government and Housing (MLGH)
• Administrative and financial management of WSS services
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4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
Department of Infrastructure and Support Services (DISS)
Water resources management
• Technical support to WSS service providers
• Overseas development and rehabilitation of WSS
infrastructure
National Water Supply and Sanitation Council (NWASCO)
• Independent WSS service regulation
Commercial Utilities (CUs)
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4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
District Water, Sanitation and Health Education Committees
(D-WASHE)
• Promoting sustainability of service through local control
and oversight of WSS service which may be provided by
local WASH committees or CUs
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Unit (RWSSU
• Works to strengthen the institutional support of rural WSS
service providers
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4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
African Development Bank (AfDB)
•Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) service delivery
projects in the central province
Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA)
•Urban and peri-urban WSS Service delivery for low-cost
housing areas
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
(GIZ)
•Leads donor coordination in WSS group
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4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
KfW (German Development Bank)
• Support to NWASCO and the DTF
• Urban WSS service delivery
• Rural WSS (RWSS) in the Southern Province
Irish Aid
• Urban WSS service in the Northern Province
• Support to RWSS utilities and the DTF
• Prioritization and planning in WSS sector
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4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
• Peri-urban water supply service delivery through
community-based schemes
• Groundwater development via borehole drilling
• Linkages with public health
Netherlands Development Corporation
• Peri-urban and rural WSS capacity building
• Institutional strengthening through hygiene education at
catchment level and targeting gender issues
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4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
The World Bank
• Legislative, regulatory and institutional reform related to
decentralization
• Water resource management in Kafue Basin
• Support to Zambia Social Investment Fund (ZamSIF)
Water and Sanitation Program, Africa
• Sanitation marketing and community-based water and
sanitation delivery schemes in poor urban areas
• Support to MLGH in development of MDG roadmaps,
prioritization and planning
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4. Key Public Players
In the Zambian Water and Sanitation Sector
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
• RWSS service in drought & refugee affected areas
• Financing District WASHE activities for improved hygiene in
schools
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“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation,
Water Management & Agriculture”
SSWM is an
initiative
supported by:
Created
by:
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