Name _______________________________________________ Period _____________
Ch. 7,The Glory of Ancient Greece, Section 3: The Spread of Greek Culture, p. 216-222
A. King Philip of Macedonia, p. 216
1.
The kingdom of Macedonia lay just north of Greece.
2.
Although Alexander was from Macedonia, he thought of himself as Greek.
3.
He spoke the Greek language.
4.
People who lived to the south didn’t accept the Macedonians as Greek.
5.
They thought of them as barbarians.
a.
barbarian: wild uncivilized people
6.
Alexander’s tutor was the Greek philosopher Aristotle.
7.
Aristotle taught Alexander literature, philosophy, and science.
8.
Although Alexander loved his tutor, his idol was Achilles.
B. Phillip Comes to Power, p. 217
1.
Philip of Macedonia, Alexander’s father, thought of himself as Greek.
2.
When he was young, Philip had studied in Greece; this led to his hiring Aristotle to tutor Alexander.
3.
Philip united Macedonia and then formed alliances with the Greek city-states by threatening or bribing
them.
4.
He built an army stronger than Sparta’s.
5.
Demosthenes tried to warn his fellow Athenians of Philips desires.
6.
Thebes joined to try to stop Philip; however they were unsuccessful.
C. Alexander Builds an Empire, p. 218-219
1.
After conquering all of Greece, Philip then planned to attack Persia, but before he could carry out his plan,
Philip was assassinated.
a.
Assassinated: murdered for political reasons.
2.
At just 20 years old, Alexander became king.
3.
The Persian Empire stretched from Egypt to India.
4.
Alexander won his first battle there.
5.
Then Alexander moved throughout Asia Minor, winning battle after battle.
6.
Within 11 short years, the Macedonian king had conquered Persia, Egypt, and lands extending beyond the
Indus River in the east.
7.
He earned the right to be called Alexander the Great
8.
Wherever Alexander went he established cities, many named after himself, for example
a.
Alexandria
b.
Alexandroupolis.
9.
Alexander never lost a battle.
10.
Alexander got as far as Babylon, where he got sick with a fever and died, 13 years after taking the throne.
D. Greek Culture Spreads, p. 220-221
1.
50 years after Alexander died, the empire split into 3 kingdoms, ruled by one of Alexander’s former
commanders.
2.
One commander ruled Macedonia and Greece, now combined into one kingdom.
3.
The other two commanders ruled the kingdoms of Egypt and Persia.
4.
Many Greek soldiers remained in the new kingdoms and settled in those cities.
5.
Soon thousands of Greek traders and artisans followed.
6.
These emigrants, ensured that Greek culture would remain alive in well in these Hellenistic kingdoms.
7.
8.
a.
Emigrant: people who leave their country to settle in another.
b.
Hellenistic: describes Greek history and culture after the death of Alexander the Great.
Alexander didn’t want to destroy the local cultures of the people he defeated,
a.
instead he hoped the local cultures would mix with Greek culture in his new cities;
b.
however, this did not happen in the three Hellenistic kingdoms.
The cities of the Hellenistic world were modeled after the Greeks.
a.
They were ruled by Greek kings,
b.
Greeks held the most important jobs,
c.
cities were designed with Greek temples and agoras
d.
citizens gathered at large theaters to see Greek tragedies,
e.
they spoke the Greek language.
9.
The greatest of all the Hellenistic cities was Alexandria in Egypt, this city became the capital of Egypt.
10.
Alexandria became a famous city for business and trade.
11.
Its double harbor was dominated by a huge lighthouse.
12.
The tower was topped by a flame that guided ships safely into port.
13.
Alexandria boasted the largest library in all the world, with half a million scrolls.
E. Math and Science, p. 222
1.
Euclid developed the geometry branch of math.
2.
Eratosthenes calculated the distance around the Earth.
3.
Archimedes, the greatest scientist of his time, discovered that people can use pulleys and levers to life
very heavy object.